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Countries participating in the NANP
Format	+1 NXX NXX-XXXX
Access codes
Country calling code	1
International call prefix	011
List of dialing codes

The North American Numbering Plan (NANP) is a telephone numbering plan for twenty-five regions in twenty countries, primarily in North America and the Caribbean. This group is historically known as World Zone 1 and has the international calling code 1. Some North American countries, most notably Mexico, do not participate in the NANP.

The concepts underlying the NANP were originally devised in the 1940s by the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) for the Bell System and the independent telephone operators in North America. The goal was to unify the diverse local numbering plans that had been established in the preceding decades, speed call completion times, and reduce costs for toll calls, by reducing or eliminating manual labor by telephone operators, and eventually prepare the continent for direct-dialing of long-distance calls by customers. Direct dialing became possible in 1951 in a first trial, and was expanded across the nation in the decade following. AT&T continued to administer the numbering plan and the technical infrastructure until the breakup of the Bell System, when administration was delegated to the North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA), a service that has been procured from the private sector by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States. Each participating country forms a regulatory authority that has plenary control over local numbering resources.^[1] The FCC also serves as the U.S. regulator. Canadian numbering decisions are made by the Canadian Numbering Administration Consortium.^[2]

The NANP divides the territories of its members into numbering plan areas (NPAs) which are encoded numerically with a three-digit telephone number prefix, commonly called the area code.^[3] Each telephone is assigned a seven-digit telephone number unique only within its respective numbering plan area. The telephone number consists of a three-digit central office (sometimes called «exchange») code and a four-digit station number. The combination of an area code and the telephone number serves as a destination routing address in the public switched telephone network (PSTN). The North American Numbering Plan conforms with International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Recommendation E.164, which establishes an international numbering framework.^[4]

History[edit]

From the Bell System’s beginnings in 1876 and throughout the first part of the 20th century, telephone networks grew from essentially local or regional telephone systems. These systems expanded by growing their subscriber bases, as well as increasing their service areas by implementing additional local exchanges that were interconnected with tie trunks. It was the responsibility of each local administration to devise telephone numbering plans that accommodated the local requirements and growth.^[5] As a result, the North American telephone service industry developed into an unorganized set of many differing local numbering systems. The diversity impeded the efficient operation and interconnection of exchanges into a nationwide system for long-distance telephone communication. By the 1940s, the Bell System set out to unify the various existing numbering plans to provide a unified, systematic approach for routing telephone calls across the nation and to provide efficient long-distance service that eventually did not require the involvement of switchboard operators.

In October 1947, AT&T published a new nationwide numbering plan in coordination with the independent telephone operators. The plan divided most of North America into eighty-six numbering plan areas (NPAs). Each NPA was assigned a unique three-digit code, typically called NPA code or simply area code. These codes were first used in Operator Toll Dialing by long-distance operators in establishing calls via trunks between toll offices. The goal of automatic service required additional technical advancements in the latest generation of toll-switching systems, completed by the early 1950s, and installation of new toll-switching systems in most numbering plan areas. The first customer-dialed direct call using an area code was made on November 10, 1951, from Englewood, New Jersey, to Alameda, California.^[6] Direct distance dialing (DDD) was subsequently introduced across the country. By the early 1960s, DDD had become commonplace in cities and most towns in the United States and Canada. By 1967, the number of assigned area codes had grown to 129.^[7]

The status of the network of the 1960s was reflected in a new name used in technical documentation: North American Integrated Network.^[7] By 1975, the numbering plan was referred to as the North American Numbering Plan,^[8] leading to the well-known acronym NANP, as other countries sought or considered joining in the standardization.

Foreign expansion[edit]

Although Bermuda and the Caribbean islands had been assigned the area code 809 as early as 1958 by the administrators at AT&T, individual participating countries or territories had no autonomy over their numbering plan as they received centrally assigned central office prefixes that needed to be unique from those of other countries with the same area code. Regions in Mexico with high call volumes to and from the US were assigned functional area codes as early as 1963, for the purpose of call routing, but a nationwide system of participation in the NANP eventually failed.

In the following decades, the NANP expanded to include all of the United States and its territories, Canada, Bermuda, and seventeen nations of the Caribbean.^[9][10]

At the request of the British Colonial Office, the numbering plan was first expanded to Bermuda and the British West Indies because of their historic telecommunications administration through Canada as parts of the British Empire and their continued associations with Canada, especially during the years of the telegraph and the All Red Line system.

Not all North American polities participate in the NANP. Exceptions include Mexico, Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the Central American countries and some Caribbean countries (Cuba, Haiti, the French Caribbean and the Dutch Caribbean, except for Sint Maarten). The only Spanish-speaking state in the system is the Dominican Republic. Mexican participation was planned,^[11] but implementation stopped after three area codes (706, 903 and 905) had been assigned, and Mexico opted for an international numbering format, using country code 52.^[12] The area codes in use were subsequently withdrawn in 1991.

The Dutch Caribbean territory of Sint Maarten joined the NANP in September 2011, receiving area code 721.^[13] Sint Maarten shares the island with the French Collectivity of Saint Martin which, like the rest of the French Caribbean, is not part of the NANP.

Administration[edit]

The NANP is administered by the North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA, formerly Administration).^[14] This function is overseen by the Federal Communications Commission, which assumed the responsibility upon the breakup of the Bell System. The FCC solicits private sector contracts for the role of the administrator.

Before the breakup of the Bell System, administration of the North American Numbering Plan was performed by AT&T’s Central Services Organization. In 1984, this function was transferred to Bell Communications Research (Bellcore), a company created by the divestiture mandate to perform services for the newly created local exchange carriers. On January 19, 1998, the NANPA function was transferred to the IMS division of Lockheed Martin in Washington, D.C.^[15] In 1999, the contract was awarded to Neustar, a company spun off from Lockheed for this purpose. The contract was renewed in 2004, and again in 2012.^[16] On January 1, 2019, Somos assumed the NANPA function under a one-year bridge contract granted by the FCC with the goal of consolidating the NANPA function with the Pooling Administrator and identifying a long-term contract holder.^[17][18] On December 1, 2020, Somos secured the $76 million contract for a term of eight years against one other bidder.^[19]

Numbering plan[edit]

The vision and goal of the architects of the North American Numbering Plan was a system by which telephone subscribers in the United States and Canada could themselves dial and establish a telephone call to any other subscriber without the assistance of switchboard operators. While this required an expansion of most existing local numbering plans, many of which required only four or five digits to be dialed, or even fewer in small communities, the plan was designed to enable local telephone companies to make as few changes as possible in their systems.

Numbering plan areas and central offices[edit]

The new numbering plan divided the North American continent into regional service areas, called numbering plan areas (NPAs), primarily following the jurisdictional boundaries of U.S. states and Canadian provinces.^[20] Some states or provinces needed to be divided into multiple areas. NPAs were created in accordance with principles deemed to maximize customer understanding and minimize dialing effort while reducing plant cost.^[21] Each NPA was identified by a unique three-digit code number that was prefixed to the local telephone number, when calling from one NPA to another. Within the same numbering plan area, dialing the area code was not necessary.

The telephone exchanges–in the Bell System they were officially called central offices–became local exchange points in the nationwide system. Each of them was also assigned a three-digit number unique within its NPA. The combination of NPA code and central office code served as a destination routing code for use by operators to reach any central office through the switching network.^[20] Due to the numerical structure of the numbering system, each NPA was technically limited to 540 central offices.^[21]

Although the limitation to 540 central offices required the most populous states to be divided into multiple NPAs, it was not the sole reason to subdivide a state. An important aspect was the existing infrastructure for call routing, which had developed in preceding decades independently of state boundaries. The rules of determining areas also attempted to avoid cutting across busy toll traffic routes, so that most toll traffic remained within an NPA, and outgoing traffic in one area would not be tributary to toll offices in an adjacent area.^[22][20] As a result, New York state was initially divided into five areas, the most of any state. Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas were assigned four NPAs each, and California, Iowa, and Michigan received three. Eight states and provinces were split into two NPAs.

Traditionally, central office switching systems were designed to serve up to ten thousand subscriber numbers. Thus, subscribers were assigned four-digit line or station numbers. This rounded out the total number of digits in a subscriber telephone number to ten: a three-digit area code, three-digit central office code, and four digits for each line. This fixed format defined the North American Numbering Plan as a closed numbering plan,^[23] as opposed to developments in some other countries where the number of digits was not fixed.

The closed numbering plan did not require the subscriber to dial all digits. When making a local call or a call within their numbering plan area, the area code was omitted, resulting in seven-digit dialing. Ten-digit dialing was only necessary when placing foreign area calls to subscribers in another state or numbering plan area.^[24] Exceptions existed for communities located on NPA boundaries, so that uniform local dialing was still possible in historically established communities.

Initial numbering system[edit]

In 1947, AT&T completed the new design for a nationwide toll network that established the original North American area codes. The new organization provided for 152 area codes, each with a capacity to serve up to 540 central offices.^[25] Originally, only eighty-six area codes were assigned. New Jersey received the first NPA code in the new system, area code 201.^[26] The second area code, 202, was assigned to the District of Columbia. The allocation of area codes was readjusted as early as 1948 to account for inadequacies in some metropolitan areas. For example, the Indiana numbering plan area 317 was divided to provide a larger numbering pool in the Indiana suburbs of Chicago (area code 219).

Initially, states divided into multiple numbering plan areas were assigned area codes with the digit 1 in the second position, while areas that comprised entire states or provinces received codes with 0 as the middle digit. This rule was broken by the early 1950s,^[20] as NPAs with digit 0 in the middle had to be split, but until 1995 all area codes assigned had none other than the digits 0 and 1 in this position.

The eight codes of the form N11 (N = 2–9) were reserved as service codes. The easily recognizable codes of the form N00 were available in the numbering plan, but were not initially included in assignments.^[7] Additional area code patterns were later assigned for other services; for example, the area codes N10 were implemented for the Teletypewriter Exchange Service (TWX).^[27]

Central office codes[edit]

It was already common practice for decades that the digits 0 and 1 could not appear in the first two digits of the central office codes, because the system of using the first two letters of familiar names for central offices did not assign letters to these digits. The digit 0 was used for operator assistance, and 1, which is essentially a single pulse of loop interruption, was automatically ignored by most switching equipment of the time.^[20] Therefore, the 0/1 rule for the area code provided a convenient means to distinguish seven-digit dialing from ten-digit dialing.

The use of telephone exchange names as part of telephone numbers had been a well-established practice, and this was preserved for convenience and expediency in the new network design. The letter-to-digit translations were printed on the face of every rotary dial in the metropolitan areas, according to a scheme designed by W.G. Blauvelt in 1917, that had been used in the Bell System in large metropolitan areas since the early 1920s.^[28] The network reorganization standardized this system to using a two-letter, five-digit (2L-5N) representation of telephone numbers in most exchanges in North America,^[29] or to using an equivalent all-numeric seven-digit numbering plans, as was practiced by some telephone companies.

All-number calling[edit]

Partitioning of the NANP prefix space under all-number-calling
000 — 099	These 200 codes were used as toll center and system codes.
100 — 199
area codes	service codes	area codes	central office codes
200 — 210	211	212 — 219	220 — 299
300 — 310	311	312 — 319	320 — 399
400 — 410	411	412 — 419	420 — 499
500 — 510	511	512 — 519	520 — 599
600 — 610	611	612 — 619	620 — 699
700 — 710	711	712 — 719	720 — 799
800 — 810	811	812 — 819	820 — 899
900 — 910	911	912 — 919	920 — 999
152 area codes 8 special service codes	640 CO codes

All-number calling was a telephone numbering plan introduced in 1958,^[30] that converted telephone numbers with exchange names to a numeric representation of seven digits.

The original plan of 1947 had been projected to be usable beyond the year 2000. However, by the late 1950s it became apparent that it would be outgrown by about 1975.^[31] The limitations for the usable leading digits of central office codes, imposed by using common names for central office names, and their leading two characters as guides for customer dialing could no longer be maintained when opening new central offices. By 1962 it was forecast that in 1985 the number of telephones in the nation would equal its population of 280 million and increase to 600 million telephones for 340 million people in 2000.^[29] As a result, the North American telephone administrations first introduced letter combinations that could not be linked to a familiar pronounceable central office name. Finally, they sought the elimination of central office names and letter codes, and introduced all-number calling (ANC).

Under all-number calling, the number of permissible central office prefixes increased from 540 to potentially 800, but the first two digits of the central office code were still restricted to the range 2 to 9, and the eight combinations that ended in 11 were reserved as special calling codes.^[29] This increased the numbering pool for central office codes to 640, and resulted in the partitioning of the prefix space (000—999) according to the table at the right.^[32]

Interchangeable central office codes[edit]

As the numbering plan grew in the 1960s under all-number calling, plan administrators at AT&T identified that by c. 1973 some of the largest area codes in urban centers might run out of central office prefixes to install more individual access lines. For relief in these cases, they finally removed the requirement that the middle digit of the central office code could not be 0 or 1. This resulted in the format of interchangeable central office codes, N X X, where N=2–9, and X is any digit. The first cities that required this action, in 1974, were the cities of Los Angeles with area code 213 and New York with 212. This change also required modification of the local dialing procedures to distinguish local calls from long-distance calls with area codes.

Requiring 1 to be dialed before the full number in some areas provided for area codes of the form N10, such as 210 in the San Antonio, Texas, area and 410 in eastern Maryland. Therefore, someone calling from San Jose, California, to Los Angeles before the change would have dialed 213-555-0123 and after the change 1-213-555-0123, which permitted the use of 213 as an exchange prefix in the San Jose area. The preceding 1 also ideally indicates a toll call; however, this is inconsistent across the NANP because the FCC has left it to the U.S. state public utilities commissions to regulate for traditional landlines, and it has since become moot for mobile phones and digital VoIP services that now offer nationwide calling without the extra digit.^{[citation needed]}

Interchangeable NPA codes[edit]

In 1995, the North American Numbering Plan Administrator removed the requirement that the middle digit of an area code had to be either 0 or 1, implementing fully interchangeable NPA and central office codes, that had already been anticipated since the 1960s, when interchangeable central office codes were sanctioned.

Modern plan[edit]

The NANP numbering format may be summarized in the ten-digit notation NXX NXX-XXXX, where digits N denote any of 2–9, and X is any digit (0–9).

Component	Name	Number ranges	Notes
NXX often denoted NPA	Numbering plan area code	The first NXX block is the numbering plan area code. When the second and third digits are the same, the code is an easily recognizable code (ERC). ERCs designate special services; e.g., 800 for toll-free service. The NANP is not assigning area codes with 9 as the second digit.[33]	Covers Canada, the United States, parts of the Caribbean Sea, and some Atlantic and Pacific islands. The area code is often enclosed in parentheses.
NXX	Central office code	The second NXX block is the central office code. Permissible numbers exclude easily recognizable codes N11, used for special services.	Also called exchange code
XXXX	Line number	A unique four-digit number for each NPA, from 0000 to 9999	Also called station code

Using 0 or 1 as the first digit of an area code or central office code is invalid, as is a 9 as the middle digit of an area code; these are trunk prefixes or reserved for North American Numbering Plan expansion.

For example, (234) 235-5678 is a valid telephone number; with area code 234, central office prefix (exchange) 235, and line number 5678. The number (234) 911-5678 is invalid, because the central office code must not be in the form N11. (314) 159-2653 is invalid, because the office code must not begin with 1. (123) 234-5678 is invalid, because the NPA must not begin with 0 or 1.^{[34][35][36][37]}

Each three-digit area code has a capacity of 7,919,900 telephone numbers (7,918,900 in the United States).

Despite the widespread use of fictional telephone numbers of the form NXX 555-XXXX, only the block of line numbers from 0100 through 0199 are specifically reserved for this purpose, leaving the rest available for assignment.

The country calling code for all countries participating in the NANP is 1. The prefix 1 is also used with the NANP for long-distance dialing.

Non-geographic services[edit]

The North American Numbering Plan recognizes the need for non-geographic services by designating certain numbering blocks for such purposes. Many of these telephone numbers are selected from the easily recognizable codes (ERCs).

For system-wide toll-free calling, in which the receiving party is billed for the call, uses the number range with area codes of the form 8XX.

Area code and central office prefixes for other non-geographic services have the form 5XX-NXX. As of January 2021, the codes 500, 521, 522, 533, 544, 566, 577, 588, 523, 524, 525, and 526 have been designated.^[38] These codes are used for fixed or mobile devices, and not assigned to rate centers. As addresses, they may or may not traverse the public switched telephone network (PSTN). Applications include the use as personal 500 numbers.

Some carrier-specific services have used area code 700. In Canada, area code 600 is used for non-geographic applications. Area code 900 has been used for high-toll 900 numbers.

Cellular mobile services[edit]

The North American Numbering Plan does not set aside special non-geographic area codes exclusively for cellular phones, as is customary in some other national telephone administrations. Only one regional exception exists in area code 600 in Canada.

For cellular services, telephone numbers in the NANP are allocated within each area code from special central office prefixes. Calls to them are billed at the same rate as any other call. Consequently, the caller pays pricing model adopted in other countries, in which calls to cellular phones are charged at a higher nationwide rate, but incoming mobile calls are not charged to the mobile user, could not be implemented. Instead, North American cellular telephone subscribers are also generally charged for receiving calls (subscriber pays). In the past, this has discouraged mobile users from publishing mobile telephone numbers, but by the first decade of the 21st century, most users selected bundle pricing plans that included an allotment of minutes expected to be used in the billing period, and most U.S. carriers now offer unlimited calling plans at mass-market prices.^[39]

Industry observers have attributed the relatively low mobile phone penetration rate in the United States, compared to that of Europe, to the subscriber-pays model.^{[citation needed]} In this model the convenience of the mobility is charged to the subscriber. Callers from outside the local-calling region of the assigned number, however, pay for a long-distance call, although domestic long-distance rates are generally lower than the rates in caller-pays systems. Conversely, an advantage of caller-pays is the relative absence of telemarketing and nuisance calls to mobile numbers. The integrated numbering plan also enables local number portability between fixed and wireless services within a region, allowing users to switch to mobile service while keeping their telephone number.

The initial plan for area code overlays did allow for providing separate area codes for use by mobile devices, although these were still assigned to a specific geographical area, and were charged at the same rate as other area codes. Initially, the area code 917 for New York City was specifically assigned for this purpose within the boroughs; however, a Federal court overturned the practice and the use of an area code for a specific telephony purpose.^{[citation needed]} Since mobile telephony has been expanding faster than landline use, new area codes typically have a disproportionately large fraction of mobile and nomadic numbers, although landline and other services rapidly follow and local network portability can blur these distinctions.

Growth[edit]

Canada and the United States have experienced rapid growth in the number of area codes, particularly between 1990 and 2005. The widespread adoption of fax, modem, and mobile phone communication, as well as the deregulation of local telecommunication services in the United States in the mid-1990s, increased the demand for telephone numbers.

The Federal Communications Commission allowed telecommunication companies to compete with the incumbent local exchange carriers for services, usually by forcing the existing sole service provider to lease infrastructure to other local providers. Because of the original design of the numbering plan and the telephone switching network that assumed only a single provider, number allocations had to be made in 10,000-number blocks even when far fewer numbers were required for each new vendor. Due to the proliferation of service providers in some numbering plan areas, many area codes fell into jeopardy, facing exhaustion of numbering resources. The number blocks of failed service providers often remained unused, as no regulatory mechanism existed to reclaim and reassign these numbers.

Area codes are added by two principal methods, number plan area splits and overlays. Splits were implemented by dividing an area into two or more regions, one of which retained the existing area code and the other areas receiving a new code. In an overlay, multiple codes are assigned to the same geographical area, obviating the need for renumbering of existing services. Subtle variations of these techniques have been used as well, such as dedicated overlays, in which the new code is reserved for a particular type of service, such as cellular phones and pagers, and concentrated overlays, in which a part of the area retained a single code while the rest of the region received an overlay code. The only service-specific overlay in the NANP was area code 917 (New York City) when it was first installed; such service-specific area code assignments were later prohibited by the Federal Communications Commission.

Most area codes of the form N10, originally reserved for AT&T’s Teletypewriter eXchange (TWX) service, were transferred to Western Union in 1969 and were freed up for other use in 1981 after conversion to Telex II service was complete. The last of these, 610, was assigned to Canada, but reassigned in 1992. These new area codes, as well as a few other codes used for routing calls to Mexico, were used for telephone area code splits in the late 1980s and early 1990s, as all other area codes under the original plan had been consumed.

After the remaining valid area codes were used up by expansion, in 1995 the rapid increase in the need for more area codes forced the NANPA to allow the digits 2 through 8 to be used as a middle digit in new area code assignments, with 9 being reserved as a last resort for potential future expansion. At the same time, local exchanges were allowed to use 1 or 0 as a middle digit. The first area codes without a 1 or 0 as the middle digit were area code 334 in Alabama and area code 360 in Washington, which both began service on January 15, 1995. This was quickly followed by area code 520 serving Arizona on March 19, 1995.

By 1995, many cities in the United States and Canada had more than one area code, either from dividing a city into different areas (NPA split) or having more than one code for the same area (NPA overlay). The overlay method requires that the area code must be dialed in all cases, even for local calls, while the split plan may permit seven-digit dialing within the same area. The transition to ten-digit dialing typically starts with a permissive dialing phase, which is widely publicized, during which dialing all ten digits is optional. After a period of several months, mandatory dialing begins, when seven-digit dialing is no longer permissible. Atlanta was the first U.S. city to require mandatory ten-digit dialing throughout the metropolitan area, roughly coinciding with the 1996 Summer Olympics held there. Atlanta was used as the test case not only because of its size, but also because it had the world’s largest fiber-optic network at the time, five times larger than that of New York, and it was home to BellSouth (now part of AT&T), then the Southeastern Regional Bell Operating Company, with AT&T’s fiber optics manufacturing facility within the city.

Growth issues[edit]

Depending on the techniques used for area code and central office code relief, the effect on telephone users varies. In areas in which overlays were used, this generally avoids the need for converting telephone numbers, so existing directories, business records, letterheads, business cards, advertising, and «speed-dialing» settings can retain the same phone numbers, while the overlay is used for new number allocations. The primary effect on telephone users is the necessity of remembering and dialing 10- or 11-digit numbers when only 7-digit dialing was previously permissible.

Splitting instead of overlaying generally avoids the requirement for mandatory area-code dialing, but at the expense of having to convert a region to the new code. In addition to the requirements of updating records and directories to accommodate the new numbers, for efficient conversion this requires a period of «permissive dialing» in which the new and old codes are both allowed to work. Also, many splittings involved significant technical issues, especially when the area splittings occurred over boundaries other than phone network divisions.

In 1998 area code 612, assigned to the Minneapolis – Saint Paul Twin Cities, was split to create area code 651 for St. Paul and the eastern metropolitan area. The Minnesota Public Utilities Commission mandated that the new boundary exactly follow municipal boundaries, which were distinctly different from telephone exchange boundaries, and that all subscribers keep their seven-digit numbers. These two goals were directly at odds with the reason for the split, namely to provide additional telephone numbers. More than forty exchanges had territory that straddled the new boundary. As a result, prefixes were duplicated in both area codes, which counteracted much of the benefit of the split, with only 200 of 700 prefixes in area 612 moving entirely to area 651. In less than two years area code 612 again exhausted its supply of telephone numbers, and required a three-way split in 2000, creating the new area codes 763 and 952. The split followed political boundaries, rather than rate center boundaries, resulting in additional split prefixes; a few numbers moved from 612 to 651 and then to 763 in less than two years.

Decrease of growth rate[edit]

Recognizing that the proliferation of area codes was largely due to the telecom deregulation act and the assignment of numbers in blocks of ten thousand, the FCC instructed NANPA, by then administered by Neustar, to alleviate the numbering shortage. As a result, number pooling was piloted in 2001 as a system for allocating local numbers to carriers in blocks of 1,000 rather than 10,000. Because of the then design of the switched telephone network, this was a considerable technical obstacle. Number pooling was implemented with another technical obstacle, local number portability.

The program has been implemented in much of the United States by state regulators. Some cities have also implemented rate center consolidation; fewer rate centers resulted in more efficient use of telephone numbers, as carriers would reserve blocks of 1,000 or 10,000 numbers in each of multiple rate centers in the same area even if they had relatively few clients in the area.^[40] (A rate center is a geographical area used by a Local Exchange Carrier (LEC) to determine the boundaries for local calling, billing and assigning phone numbers. Typically a call within a rate center is local, while a call from one rate center to another is a long-distance call.) Together with aggressive reclamation of unused number blocks from telecom providers, number pooling has reduced the need for additional area codes, so that many previously designated area splits and overlays have been postponed indefinitely.

Canada never implemented number pooling, so that even the smallest villages are rate centers and every CLEC is assigned blocks of ten thousand numbers.

New area codes outside the contiguous United States and Canada[edit]

Before 1995, all NANP countries and territories outside the contiguous United States, Alaska, Hawaii and Canada shared the area code 809. This included Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Each has since been assigned one or more distinct numbering plan areas; area code 809 now exclusively serves the Dominican Republic (along with area codes 829 and 849). The United States Pacific territories of the Northern Mariana Islands and Guam joined the NANP in 1997, and American Samoa became an NANP member in October 2004. The Dutch possession of Sint Maarten was originally scheduled to join the NANP on May 31, 2010, but the changeover was postponed to September 30, 2011.^[13]

Bermuda	before 1995: served by area code 809	1995: assigned area code 441
Puerto Rico	before 1996: served by area code 809	1996: assigned area code 787 2001: overlaid with area code 939
U.S. Virgin Islands	before 1997: served by area code 809	1997: assigned area code 340
Northern Marianas	before 1997: reached via IDDD using country code 670	1997: assigned area code 670
Guam	before 1997: reached via IDDD using country code 671	1997: assigned area code 671
American Samoa	before October 1, 2004: reached via IDDD using country code 684	2004: assigned area code 684
Sint Maarten	before September 30, 2011: reached via IDDD using country code 599	2011: assigned area code 721

Telephone number size expansion[edit]

The NANP exhaust analysis estimates that the existing numbering system is sufficient beyond 2049, based on the assumptions that a maximum of 674 NPAs continue to be available, and that on average 3,990 central office codes are needed per year.^[41]

In case of exhaustion, various plans are discussed for expanding the numbering plan. One option is to add the digit 1 or 0 either at the beginning or at the end of the area code, or prefixing it to the seven-digit subscriber number. This would require eleven-digit dialing even for local calls between any two NANP numbers. Another proposal introduces the digit 9 into the area code in the format x9xx, so that, for example, San Francisco’s 415 would become 4915. Other proposals include reallocating blocks of numbers assigned to smaller long-distance carriers or unused reserved services.^{[citation needed]}

Dialing procedures[edit]

The structure of the North American Numbering Plan permits implementation of local dial plans in each plan area, depending on requirements. When multiple NPA codes serve an area in an overlay arrangement, ten-digit (10D) dialing is required. Seven-digit (7D) dialing may be permissible in areas with single area codes.^[42] Depending on the requirement of toll alerting, it may be necessary to prefix a telephone number with 1. The NANPA publishes dial plan information for individual area codes.^[43]

The standard dial plans in most cases are as follows:

	Local within area code	Local outside area code	Toll within area code	Toll outside area code
Single code area, with toll alerting	7D or 10D	7D or 10D	1+10D	1+10D
Single code area, without toll alerting	7D or 10D	1+10D	7D or 10D	1+10D
Overlaid area, with toll alerting	10D	10D	1+10D	1+10D
Overlaid area, without toll alerting	10D	1+10D	10D	1+10D

The number of digits dialed is unrelated to being a local call or a toll call when there is no toll alerting. Allowing 7D local dial across an area code boundary, which is uncommon today, requires central office code protection, locally if using toll alerting, across the entire area code otherwise, to avoid assignment of the same seven-digit number on both sides. Landlines occasionally require 1+10D where 10D is required, most notably in California.

Most areas permit local calls as 1+10D except for Texas, Georgia, and some jurisdictions in Canada which require that landline callers know which numbers are local and which are toll, dialing 10D for local calls and 1+10D for all toll calls.

In almost all cases, domestic operator-assisted calls are dialed 0+10D.

Special numbers and codes[edit]

Some common special numbers in the North American system:

• 0 – Operator assistance
• 00 – Long-distance operator assistance (formerly 2-1-1)
• 011 – International access code using direct dial (for all destinations outside the NANP).
• 01 – International access code using operator assistance (for all destinations outside the NANP).
• 101-xxxx – Used to select use of an alternative long-distance carrier
• 211 – Local community information or social services (in some cities)
• 311 – City government or non-emergency police matters
• 411 – Local telephone directory service (Some telephone companies provide national directory assistance)
• 511 – Traffic, road, and tourist information
• 611 – Telephone line repair service (formerly 4104), wireless operator customer service (formerly 811).
• 711 – Relay service for customers with hearing or speech disabilities.
• 811 – Local utility location services (United States), non-urgent telehealth/teletriage services in Canada (formerly telephone company business office)
• 911 – Emergency telephone number – fire department, medical emergency, police.
• 988 – National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (United States).^[44]
• 950-xxxx – Feature group code for access to a carrier from a non-subscriber location. The feature requires the customer dial a 950-xxxx number and enter a calling card number and destination telephone number. It was originally used for locations where 101-xxxx dialing was not possible.
• 958-xxxx (local); 959-xxxx (long distance) – Plant test numbers, such as automatic number announcement circuits. It was once common to reserve entire unused exchange prefixes or N11 numbers (4101 was ringback number on many step-by-step switches), but these have largely moved to individual unpublished numbers within the standard 958-xxxx (local) or 959-xxxx (long-distance) plant test exchanges as numbers become scarce.
• 1 (NPA) 555-1212 – Non-local directory information (Canada and United States)

Vertical service codes are used for special calling features, such as:

• *51 and 1151: A history of unanswered calls on a telephone number, useful for those who are not Caller ID subscribers.
• *57 and 1157: Used to trace harassing, threatening, abusive, obscene, etc. phone calls, and keep results of trace at phone company.
• *66 and 1166: To keep retrying a busy-line (see also Called-party camp-on)
• *67 and 1167: Caller ID Block
• *69 and 1169: Call Return caller may press ‘1’ to return call after hearing number
• *70 and 1170: Cancel call waiting on a call-by-call basis
• *71 and 1171: Three-way calling, which lets a person talk to people in two different locations at the same time.
• *74 and 1174: Speed dial, which allows someone to quickly dial any of eight frequently called numbers using a one-digit code, from any phone on their line.
• *75 allows a total of 30 speed-call numbers with two digits.
• *77 activates Anonymous Call Rejection Service
• *82 and 1182: Releases Caller ID block on a call-by-call basis
• *87 deactivates Anonymous Call Rejection Service

The four-digit numbers are not implemented in some areas. The star codes (*) are for use on Touch-Tone telephones, whereas the four-digit numbers prefixed 11xx are used on rotary dial telephones which cannot dial the * symbol.
Not all NANP countries use the same codes. For example, the emergency telephone number is not always 911: Trinidad and Tobago and Dominica use 999, as in the United Kingdom. The country of Barbados uses 211 for police force, 311 for fire, and 511 for ambulance, while Jamaica uses 114 for directory assistance, 119 for police force, and 110 for fire and ambulance services.

Despite its early importance as a share of the worldwide telephone system, few of the NANP’s codes, such as 911, have been adopted outside the system. Determining that 911 requires unnecessary rotation time on rotary dial telephones, the European Union has adopted its own standardized number of 112, while countries in Asia and the rest of the world use a variety of other two- or three-digit emergency telephone number combinations. The 112 code is gaining prevalence because of its preprogrammed presence in mobile telephones that conform to the European GSM standard. The European Union and many other countries have chosen the International Telecommunication Union’s 00 as their international access number instead of 011. The toll-free prefix 800 has been widely adopted elsewhere, including as the international toll-free country code. It is often preceded by a 0 rather than a 1 in many countries where 0 is the trunk prefix.

International dialing[edit]

While international direct dialing was available in some locations in the United States by the late 1950s, a continental system was introduced as
International Direct Distance Dialing (IDDD) for the territories of the North American Numbering Plan in March 1970.^[45]

While the NANP was designed as a closed numbering plan with ten digit telephone numbers, IDDD was implemented through extensive modifications in the switching systems to accommodate the international open numbering plan with seven to twelve digits in the national telephone numbers.^[46] Access to the international network is facilitated by the dialing prefix 011, after which the country calling code and the national telephone number are dialed.

Number portability[edit]

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 (47 U.S.C. § 251 (b)(2)) authorizes the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to require all local exchange carriers (LECs) to offer local number portability.^[47] The FCC regulations were enacted on June 27, 1996, with changes to take effect in the one hundred largest Metropolitan Statistical Areas by October 1, 1997, and elsewhere by December 31, 1998.^[48]

The FCC directed the North American Numbering Council (NANC) to select one or more private-sector candidates for the local number portability administrator (LNPA) function,^[49] in a manner akin to the selection of the North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA).^[50]

The toll-free telephone numbers in NPA 800, 888, 877, 866, 855, 844, and 833 have been portable through the RespOrg system since 1993.^[51]

Toll charges[edit]

Calls between different countries and territories of the NANP are not typically charged at domestic rates. For example, most long-distance plans may charge a California subscriber a higher rate for a call to British Columbia than for a call to New York, even though both destinations are within the NANP. Similarly, calls from Bermuda to U.S. numbers (including 1-800 numbers, which are normally thought of as toll-free) incur international rates. This is because many of the island nations implemented a plan of subsidizing the cost of local phone services by directly charging higher pricing levies on international long-distance services.^{[citation needed]}

Because of these higher fees, scams had taken advantage of customers’ unfamiliarity with pricing structure to call the legacy regional area code 809. Some scams lured customers from the United States and Canada into placing expensive calls to the Caribbean, by representing area code 809 as a regular domestic, low-cost, or toll-free call. The split of 809 (which formerly covered all of the Caribbean NANP points) into multiple new area codes created many new, unfamiliar prefixes which could be mistaken for U.S. or Canada domestic area codes but carried high tariffs. In various island nations, premium exchanges such as +1-876-HOT-, +1-876-WET- or +1-876-SEX- (where 876 is Jamaica) became a means to circumvent consumer-protection laws governing area code 900 or similar U.S.-domestic premium numbers.

These scams are on the decline, with many of the Cable and Wireless service monopolies being opened up to competition, hence bringing rates down. Additionally, many Caribbean territories have implemented local government agencies to regulate telecommunications rates of providers.^[52][53]

Countries and territories[edit]

Of all states or territories, the U.S. state of California has the largest number of area codes assigned, followed by Texas, Florida and New York, while most countries of the Caribbean use only one.^[54] Many Caribbean codes were assigned based on alphabetic abbreviations of the territory name, as indicated in the third column of the following table (Letter code). This follows the traditional letter assignments on telephone dials. For some Pacific islands, the NANPA area code is the same as the country code that was discontinued upon membership in the NANP.

Country/Territory	Area codes	Letter code	Regulator
American Samoa	684*		American Samoa Telecommunications Authority
Anguilla	264	ANG	Public Utilities Commission of Anguilla
Antigua and Barbuda	268	ANT	Telecommunications Division of the Government of Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamas	242	BHA	Utilities Regulation & Competition Authority
Barbados	246	BIM	Telecommunications Unit
Bermuda	441		https://www.ra.bm/
British Virgin Islands	284	BVI	Telecommunications Regulatory Commission
Canada	204, 226, … 905		Canadian Numbering Administration Consortium
Cayman Islands	345		Information and Communications Technology Authority
Dominica	767	ROS (Roseau)	Eastern Caribbean Telecommunications Authority
Dominican Republic	809, 829, 849		Instituto Dominicano de las Telecomunicaciones
Grenada	473	GRE	Eastern Caribbean Telecommunications Authority
Guam	671*		Guam Telephone Authority
Jamaica	876, 658[55]		Spectrum Management Authority
Montserrat	664		Montserrat Info-Communications Authority
Northern Mariana Islands	670*
Puerto Rico	787, 939	PUR	Junta Reglamentadora de Telecomunicaciones de Puerto Rico
Saint Kitts and Nevis	869		National Telecommunications Regulatory Commission
Saint Lucia	758	SLU	National Telecommunications Regulatory Commission
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	784	SVG	National Telecommunications Regulatory Commission
Sint Maarten[13]	721		Bureau Telecommunications and Post
Trinidad and Tobago	868	TNT	Telecommunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago
Turks and Caicos Islands	649		Telecommunications Commission
United States	201, 202, … 989		Federal Communications Commission
United States Virgin Islands	340		Public Services Commission
	* same as previous country code

Membership in the NANP brings significant advantages for countries in the vicinity of the United States and Canada, which usually are already the top dialing destinations. Both countries also originate most of the tourism business for the Caribbean. This is enhanced by the integration from sharing the same dialing procedures, without international access codes, and the toll-free number system of the NANP, as businesses in all member countries are eligible to participate.

Alphabetic mnemonic system[edit]

digit	letters	Letters of the alphabet are mapped to the digits of the telephone dial pad.
2	ABC
3	DEF
4	GHI
5	JKL
6	MNO
7	P(Q)RS
8	TUV
9	WXY(Z)

Many telephone dials and keypads maintain a tradition of alphabetic dialing. Usually each pushbutton from digit 2 to 9 also displays three letters, which is standardized in ISO 9995-8 and, in Europe, E.161. Historically, the letters Q and Z were omitted, although some modern telephones contain them. SMS-capable devices have all 26 letters. The alphabet is apportioned to the buttons as follows:

No letters are typically mapped to keys 1 and 0, although some corporate voicemail systems use 1 for Q and Z, and some old telephones assigned the Z to the digit 0.

Originally, this scheme was used as a mnemonic device for the exchange prefixes in telephone numbers. When telephone numbers in the United States were standardized in the mid-20th century to seven digits, the first two digits of the exchange prefix were expressed as letters rather than numbers, using the telephone exchange name. Before World War II, the largest cities used three letters and four or five numerals, while in most cities phone numbers had only six digits (2L-4N). The prefix was a name and the first two or three letters, listed as capital letters in directories, were dialed. Later, the third letter, where implemented, was replaced by a digit, or an extra digit was added. This generally happened after World War II, although New York City converted in 1930. The adoption of seven-digit local numbers (2L-5N) was chosen as the requirement for direct distance dialing and progressively deployed starting in the late 1940s.

The famous Glenn Miller tune PEnnsylvania 6-5000 refers to telephone number PE6-5000, a number in service at the Hotel Pennsylvania (212 736–5000) in New York up until 2020 when the hotel closed permanently. Similarly, the classic film BUtterfield 8 is set in the East Side of Manhattan between roughly 64th and 86th Streets, where the telephone prefixes include 288.

The letter system was phased out, beginning before 1965, although it persisted ten years later in some places. It was included in Bell of Pennsylvania directories until 1983. Even today, some businesses still display a 2L-5N number in advertisements, e.g., the Belvedere Construction Company in Detroit, Michigan not only still uses the 2L-5N format for its number (TYler 8-7100), it uses the format for the toll-free number (1-800-TY8-7100).

Despite the phasing out of the letter system, alphabetic phonewords remain as a commercial mnemonic gimmick, particularly for toll-free numbers. For example, one can dial 1-800-FLOWERS to order flowers, or 1-800-DENTIST to find a local dentist.

In addition to commercial uses, alphabetic dialing has occasionally influenced the choice of area codes. For example, when area code 423 (East Tennessee) was split in 1999, the region surrounding Knoxville was assigned area code 865, chosen to represent VOL, for The Volunteer State, the nickname of Tennessee, as well as athletic teams at the University of Tennessee.^[56][57] Similarly, several Caribbean area codes were chosen as an alphabetic abbreviation of the country name.

Fictional telephone numbers[edit]

American television programs and films often use the central office code 555, or KLamath 5 and KLondike 5 in older movies and shows, for fictitious telephone numbers, to prevent disturbing actual telephone subscribers if anyone is tempted to dial a telephone number seen or referred to on screen. Not all numbers beginning with 555 are fictional. For example, 555-1212 is the standard number for directory assistance. Only 555-0100 through 555-0199 are reserved for fictional use. Where used, these are often routed to information services; Canadian telephone companies briefly promoted 555-1313 as a pay-per-use «name that number» reverse lookup in the mid-1990s.^[58]

Occasionally, valid telephone numbers are used as song titles. The 1962 Motown hit «Beechwood 4-5789» was written by Marvin Gaye for the Marvelettes, while Stax/Volt Records’ Wilson Pickett scored a soul hit in the 1960s with the similarly named «634-5789». A more recent example is the 1981 song «867-5309/Jenny» by Tommy Tutone, which was the cause of a large number of prank calls.^[59]

See also[edit]

• List of area code overlays
• List of North American Numbering Plan area codes
• Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast Report

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA)
• Canadian Numbering Administrator
• Map of the original 86 area codes from 1947
• North American Numbering Council Archived 2022-01-20 at the Wayback Machine
• NANP Discussion 2003 Document — Understanding the North American Numbering Plan

Countries participating in the NANP
Format	+1 NXX NXX-XXXX
Access codes
Country calling code	1
International call prefix	011
List of dialing codes

The North American Numbering Plan (NANP) is a telephone numbering plan for twenty-five regions in twenty countries, primarily in North America and the Caribbean. This group is historically known as World Zone 1 and has the international calling code 1. Some North American countries, most notably Mexico, do not participate in the NANP.

The concepts underlying the NANP were originally devised in the 1940s by the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) for the Bell System and the independent telephone operators in North America. The goal was to unify the diverse local numbering plans that had been established in the preceding decades, speed call completion times, and reduce costs for toll calls, by reducing or eliminating manual labor by telephone operators, and eventually prepare the continent for direct-dialing of long-distance calls by customers. Direct dialing became possible in 1951 in a first trial, and was expanded across the nation in the decade following. AT&T continued to administer the numbering plan and the technical infrastructure until the breakup of the Bell System, when administration was delegated to the North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA), a service that has been procured from the private sector by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States. Each participating country forms a regulatory authority that has plenary control over local numbering resources.^[1] The FCC also serves as the U.S. regulator. Canadian numbering decisions are made by the Canadian Numbering Administration Consortium.^[2]

The NANP divides the territories of its members into numbering plan areas (NPAs) which are encoded numerically with a three-digit telephone number prefix, commonly called the area code.^[3] Each telephone is assigned a seven-digit telephone number unique only within its respective numbering plan area. The telephone number consists of a three-digit central office (sometimes called «exchange») code and a four-digit station number. The combination of an area code and the telephone number serves as a destination routing address in the public switched telephone network (PSTN). The North American Numbering Plan conforms with International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Recommendation E.164, which establishes an international numbering framework.^[4]

History[edit]

From the Bell System’s beginnings in 1876 and throughout the first part of the 20th century, telephone networks grew from essentially local or regional telephone systems. These systems expanded by growing their subscriber bases, as well as increasing their service areas by implementing additional local exchanges that were interconnected with tie trunks. It was the responsibility of each local administration to devise telephone numbering plans that accommodated the local requirements and growth.^[5] As a result, the North American telephone service industry developed into an unorganized set of many differing local numbering systems. The diversity impeded the efficient operation and interconnection of exchanges into a nationwide system for long-distance telephone communication. By the 1940s, the Bell System set out to unify the various existing numbering plans to provide a unified, systematic approach for routing telephone calls across the nation and to provide efficient long-distance service that eventually did not require the involvement of switchboard operators.

In October 1947, AT&T published a new nationwide numbering plan in coordination with the independent telephone operators. The plan divided most of North America into eighty-six numbering plan areas (NPAs). Each NPA was assigned a unique three-digit code, typically called NPA code or simply area code. These codes were first used in Operator Toll Dialing by long-distance operators in establishing calls via trunks between toll offices. The goal of automatic service required additional technical advancements in the latest generation of toll-switching systems, completed by the early 1950s, and installation of new toll-switching systems in most numbering plan areas. The first customer-dialed direct call using an area code was made on November 10, 1951, from Englewood, New Jersey, to Alameda, California.^[6] Direct distance dialing (DDD) was subsequently introduced across the country. By the early 1960s, DDD had become commonplace in cities and most towns in the United States and Canada. By 1967, the number of assigned area codes had grown to 129.^[7]

The status of the network of the 1960s was reflected in a new name used in technical documentation: North American Integrated Network.^[7] By 1975, the numbering plan was referred to as the North American Numbering Plan,^[8] leading to the well-known acronym NANP, as other countries sought or considered joining in the standardization.

Foreign expansion[edit]

Although Bermuda and the Caribbean islands had been assigned the area code 809 as early as 1958 by the administrators at AT&T, individual participating countries or territories had no autonomy over their numbering plan as they received centrally assigned central office prefixes that needed to be unique from those of other countries with the same area code. Regions in Mexico with high call volumes to and from the US were assigned functional area codes as early as 1963, for the purpose of call routing, but a nationwide system of participation in the NANP eventually failed.

In the following decades, the NANP expanded to include all of the United States and its territories, Canada, Bermuda, and seventeen nations of the Caribbean.^[9][10]

At the request of the British Colonial Office, the numbering plan was first expanded to Bermuda and the British West Indies because of their historic telecommunications administration through Canada as parts of the British Empire and their continued associations with Canada, especially during the years of the telegraph and the All Red Line system.

Not all North American polities participate in the NANP. Exceptions include Mexico, Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the Central American countries and some Caribbean countries (Cuba, Haiti, the French Caribbean and the Dutch Caribbean, except for Sint Maarten). The only Spanish-speaking state in the system is the Dominican Republic. Mexican participation was planned,^[11] but implementation stopped after three area codes (706, 903 and 905) had been assigned, and Mexico opted for an international numbering format, using country code 52.^[12] The area codes in use were subsequently withdrawn in 1991.

The Dutch Caribbean territory of Sint Maarten joined the NANP in September 2011, receiving area code 721.^[13] Sint Maarten shares the island with the French Collectivity of Saint Martin which, like the rest of the French Caribbean, is not part of the NANP.

Administration[edit]

The NANP is administered by the North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA, formerly Administration).^[14] This function is overseen by the Federal Communications Commission, which assumed the responsibility upon the breakup of the Bell System. The FCC solicits private sector contracts for the role of the administrator.

Before the breakup of the Bell System, administration of the North American Numbering Plan was performed by AT&T’s Central Services Organization. In 1984, this function was transferred to Bell Communications Research (Bellcore), a company created by the divestiture mandate to perform services for the newly created local exchange carriers. On January 19, 1998, the NANPA function was transferred to the IMS division of Lockheed Martin in Washington, D.C.^[15] In 1999, the contract was awarded to Neustar, a company spun off from Lockheed for this purpose. The contract was renewed in 2004, and again in 2012.^[16] On January 1, 2019, Somos assumed the NANPA function under a one-year bridge contract granted by the FCC with the goal of consolidating the NANPA function with the Pooling Administrator and identifying a long-term contract holder.^[17][18] On December 1, 2020, Somos secured the $76 million contract for a term of eight years against one other bidder.^[19]

Numbering plan[edit]

The vision and goal of the architects of the North American Numbering Plan was a system by which telephone subscribers in the United States and Canada could themselves dial and establish a telephone call to any other subscriber without the assistance of switchboard operators. While this required an expansion of most existing local numbering plans, many of which required only four or five digits to be dialed, or even fewer in small communities, the plan was designed to enable local telephone companies to make as few changes as possible in their systems.

Numbering plan areas and central offices[edit]

The new numbering plan divided the North American continent into regional service areas, called numbering plan areas (NPAs), primarily following the jurisdictional boundaries of U.S. states and Canadian provinces.^[20] Some states or provinces needed to be divided into multiple areas. NPAs were created in accordance with principles deemed to maximize customer understanding and minimize dialing effort while reducing plant cost.^[21] Each NPA was identified by a unique three-digit code number that was prefixed to the local telephone number, when calling from one NPA to another. Within the same numbering plan area, dialing the area code was not necessary.

The telephone exchanges–in the Bell System they were officially called central offices–became local exchange points in the nationwide system. Each of them was also assigned a three-digit number unique within its NPA. The combination of NPA code and central office code served as a destination routing code for use by operators to reach any central office through the switching network.^[20] Due to the numerical structure of the numbering system, each NPA was technically limited to 540 central offices.^[21]

Although the limitation to 540 central offices required the most populous states to be divided into multiple NPAs, it was not the sole reason to subdivide a state. An important aspect was the existing infrastructure for call routing, which had developed in preceding decades independently of state boundaries. The rules of determining areas also attempted to avoid cutting across busy toll traffic routes, so that most toll traffic remained within an NPA, and outgoing traffic in one area would not be tributary to toll offices in an adjacent area.^[22][20] As a result, New York state was initially divided into five areas, the most of any state. Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas were assigned four NPAs each, and California, Iowa, and Michigan received three. Eight states and provinces were split into two NPAs.

Traditionally, central office switching systems were designed to serve up to ten thousand subscriber numbers. Thus, subscribers were assigned four-digit line or station numbers. This rounded out the total number of digits in a subscriber telephone number to ten: a three-digit area code, three-digit central office code, and four digits for each line. This fixed format defined the North American Numbering Plan as a closed numbering plan,^[23] as opposed to developments in some other countries where the number of digits was not fixed.

The closed numbering plan did not require the subscriber to dial all digits. When making a local call or a call within their numbering plan area, the area code was omitted, resulting in seven-digit dialing. Ten-digit dialing was only necessary when placing foreign area calls to subscribers in another state or numbering plan area.^[24] Exceptions existed for communities located on NPA boundaries, so that uniform local dialing was still possible in historically established communities.

Initial numbering system[edit]

In 1947, AT&T completed the new design for a nationwide toll network that established the original North American area codes. The new organization provided for 152 area codes, each with a capacity to serve up to 540 central offices.^[25] Originally, only eighty-six area codes were assigned. New Jersey received the first NPA code in the new system, area code 201.^[26] The second area code, 202, was assigned to the District of Columbia. The allocation of area codes was readjusted as early as 1948 to account for inadequacies in some metropolitan areas. For example, the Indiana numbering plan area 317 was divided to provide a larger numbering pool in the Indiana suburbs of Chicago (area code 219).

Initially, states divided into multiple numbering plan areas were assigned area codes with the digit 1 in the second position, while areas that comprised entire states or provinces received codes with 0 as the middle digit. This rule was broken by the early 1950s,^[20] as NPAs with digit 0 in the middle had to be split, but until 1995 all area codes assigned had none other than the digits 0 and 1 in this position.

The eight codes of the form N11 (N = 2–9) were reserved as service codes. The easily recognizable codes of the form N00 were available in the numbering plan, but were not initially included in assignments.^[7] Additional area code patterns were later assigned for other services; for example, the area codes N10 were implemented for the Teletypewriter Exchange Service (TWX).^[27]

Central office codes[edit]

It was already common practice for decades that the digits 0 and 1 could not appear in the first two digits of the central office codes, because the system of using the first two letters of familiar names for central offices did not assign letters to these digits. The digit 0 was used for operator assistance, and 1, which is essentially a single pulse of loop interruption, was automatically ignored by most switching equipment of the time.^[20] Therefore, the 0/1 rule for the area code provided a convenient means to distinguish seven-digit dialing from ten-digit dialing.

The use of telephone exchange names as part of telephone numbers had been a well-established practice, and this was preserved for convenience and expediency in the new network design. The letter-to-digit translations were printed on the face of every rotary dial in the metropolitan areas, according to a scheme designed by W.G. Blauvelt in 1917, that had been used in the Bell System in large metropolitan areas since the early 1920s.^[28] The network reorganization standardized this system to using a two-letter, five-digit (2L-5N) representation of telephone numbers in most exchanges in North America,^[29] or to using an equivalent all-numeric seven-digit numbering plans, as was practiced by some telephone companies.

All-number calling[edit]

Partitioning of the NANP prefix space under all-number-calling
000 — 099	These 200 codes were used as toll center and system codes.
100 — 199
area codes	service codes	area codes	central office codes
200 — 210	211	212 — 219	220 — 299
300 — 310	311	312 — 319	320 — 399
400 — 410	411	412 — 419	420 — 499
500 — 510	511	512 — 519	520 — 599
600 — 610	611	612 — 619	620 — 699
700 — 710	711	712 — 719	720 — 799
800 — 810	811	812 — 819	820 — 899
900 — 910	911	912 — 919	920 — 999
152 area codes 8 special service codes	640 CO codes

All-number calling was a telephone numbering plan introduced in 1958,^[30] that converted telephone numbers with exchange names to a numeric representation of seven digits.

The original plan of 1947 had been projected to be usable beyond the year 2000. However, by the late 1950s it became apparent that it would be outgrown by about 1975.^[31] The limitations for the usable leading digits of central office codes, imposed by using common names for central office names, and their leading two characters as guides for customer dialing could no longer be maintained when opening new central offices. By 1962 it was forecast that in 1985 the number of telephones in the nation would equal its population of 280 million and increase to 600 million telephones for 340 million people in 2000.^[29] As a result, the North American telephone administrations first introduced letter combinations that could not be linked to a familiar pronounceable central office name. Finally, they sought the elimination of central office names and letter codes, and introduced all-number calling (ANC).

Under all-number calling, the number of permissible central office prefixes increased from 540 to potentially 800, but the first two digits of the central office code were still restricted to the range 2 to 9, and the eight combinations that ended in 11 were reserved as special calling codes.^[29] This increased the numbering pool for central office codes to 640, and resulted in the partitioning of the prefix space (000—999) according to the table at the right.^[32]

Interchangeable central office codes[edit]

As the numbering plan grew in the 1960s under all-number calling, plan administrators at AT&T identified that by c. 1973 some of the largest area codes in urban centers might run out of central office prefixes to install more individual access lines. For relief in these cases, they finally removed the requirement that the middle digit of the central office code could not be 0 or 1. This resulted in the format of interchangeable central office codes, N X X, where N=2–9, and X is any digit. The first cities that required this action, in 1974, were the cities of Los Angeles with area code 213 and New York with 212. This change also required modification of the local dialing procedures to distinguish local calls from long-distance calls with area codes.

Requiring 1 to be dialed before the full number in some areas provided for area codes of the form N10, such as 210 in the San Antonio, Texas, area and 410 in eastern Maryland. Therefore, someone calling from San Jose, California, to Los Angeles before the change would have dialed 213-555-0123 and after the change 1-213-555-0123, which permitted the use of 213 as an exchange prefix in the San Jose area. The preceding 1 also ideally indicates a toll call; however, this is inconsistent across the NANP because the FCC has left it to the U.S. state public utilities commissions to regulate for traditional landlines, and it has since become moot for mobile phones and digital VoIP services that now offer nationwide calling without the extra digit.^{[citation needed]}

Interchangeable NPA codes[edit]

In 1995, the North American Numbering Plan Administrator removed the requirement that the middle digit of an area code had to be either 0 or 1, implementing fully interchangeable NPA and central office codes, that had already been anticipated since the 1960s, when interchangeable central office codes were sanctioned.

Modern plan[edit]

The NANP numbering format may be summarized in the ten-digit notation NXX NXX-XXXX, where digits N denote any of 2–9, and X is any digit (0–9).

Component	Name	Number ranges	Notes
NXX often denoted NPA	Numbering plan area code	The first NXX block is the numbering plan area code. When the second and third digits are the same, the code is an easily recognizable code (ERC). ERCs designate special services; e.g., 800 for toll-free service. The NANP is not assigning area codes with 9 as the second digit.[33]	Covers Canada, the United States, parts of the Caribbean Sea, and some Atlantic and Pacific islands. The area code is often enclosed in parentheses.
NXX	Central office code	The second NXX block is the central office code. Permissible numbers exclude easily recognizable codes N11, used for special services.	Also called exchange code
XXXX	Line number	A unique four-digit number for each NPA, from 0000 to 9999	Also called station code

Using 0 or 1 as the first digit of an area code or central office code is invalid, as is a 9 as the middle digit of an area code; these are trunk prefixes or reserved for North American Numbering Plan expansion.

For example, (234) 235-5678 is a valid telephone number; with area code 234, central office prefix (exchange) 235, and line number 5678. The number (234) 911-5678 is invalid, because the central office code must not be in the form N11. (314) 159-2653 is invalid, because the office code must not begin with 1. (123) 234-5678 is invalid, because the NPA must not begin with 0 or 1.^{[34][35][36][37]}

Each three-digit area code has a capacity of 7,919,900 telephone numbers (7,918,900 in the United States).

Despite the widespread use of fictional telephone numbers of the form NXX 555-XXXX, only the block of line numbers from 0100 through 0199 are specifically reserved for this purpose, leaving the rest available for assignment.

The country calling code for all countries participating in the NANP is 1. The prefix 1 is also used with the NANP for long-distance dialing.

Non-geographic services[edit]

The North American Numbering Plan recognizes the need for non-geographic services by designating certain numbering blocks for such purposes. Many of these telephone numbers are selected from the easily recognizable codes (ERCs).

For system-wide toll-free calling, in which the receiving party is billed for the call, uses the number range with area codes of the form 8XX.

Area code and central office prefixes for other non-geographic services have the form 5XX-NXX. As of January 2021, the codes 500, 521, 522, 533, 544, 566, 577, 588, 523, 524, 525, and 526 have been designated.^[38] These codes are used for fixed or mobile devices, and not assigned to rate centers. As addresses, they may or may not traverse the public switched telephone network (PSTN). Applications include the use as personal 500 numbers.

Some carrier-specific services have used area code 700. In Canada, area code 600 is used for non-geographic applications. Area code 900 has been used for high-toll 900 numbers.

Cellular mobile services[edit]

The North American Numbering Plan does not set aside special non-geographic area codes exclusively for cellular phones, as is customary in some other national telephone administrations. Only one regional exception exists in area code 600 in Canada.

For cellular services, telephone numbers in the NANP are allocated within each area code from special central office prefixes. Calls to them are billed at the same rate as any other call. Consequently, the caller pays pricing model adopted in other countries, in which calls to cellular phones are charged at a higher nationwide rate, but incoming mobile calls are not charged to the mobile user, could not be implemented. Instead, North American cellular telephone subscribers are also generally charged for receiving calls (subscriber pays). In the past, this has discouraged mobile users from publishing mobile telephone numbers, but by the first decade of the 21st century, most users selected bundle pricing plans that included an allotment of minutes expected to be used in the billing period, and most U.S. carriers now offer unlimited calling plans at mass-market prices.^[39]

Industry observers have attributed the relatively low mobile phone penetration rate in the United States, compared to that of Europe, to the subscriber-pays model.^{[citation needed]} In this model the convenience of the mobility is charged to the subscriber. Callers from outside the local-calling region of the assigned number, however, pay for a long-distance call, although domestic long-distance rates are generally lower than the rates in caller-pays systems. Conversely, an advantage of caller-pays is the relative absence of telemarketing and nuisance calls to mobile numbers. The integrated numbering plan also enables local number portability between fixed and wireless services within a region, allowing users to switch to mobile service while keeping their telephone number.

The initial plan for area code overlays did allow for providing separate area codes for use by mobile devices, although these were still assigned to a specific geographical area, and were charged at the same rate as other area codes. Initially, the area code 917 for New York City was specifically assigned for this purpose within the boroughs; however, a Federal court overturned the practice and the use of an area code for a specific telephony purpose.^{[citation needed]} Since mobile telephony has been expanding faster than landline use, new area codes typically have a disproportionately large fraction of mobile and nomadic numbers, although landline and other services rapidly follow and local network portability can blur these distinctions.

Growth[edit]

Canada and the United States have experienced rapid growth in the number of area codes, particularly between 1990 and 2005. The widespread adoption of fax, modem, and mobile phone communication, as well as the deregulation of local telecommunication services in the United States in the mid-1990s, increased the demand for telephone numbers.

The Federal Communications Commission allowed telecommunication companies to compete with the incumbent local exchange carriers for services, usually by forcing the existing sole service provider to lease infrastructure to other local providers. Because of the original design of the numbering plan and the telephone switching network that assumed only a single provider, number allocations had to be made in 10,000-number blocks even when far fewer numbers were required for each new vendor. Due to the proliferation of service providers in some numbering plan areas, many area codes fell into jeopardy, facing exhaustion of numbering resources. The number blocks of failed service providers often remained unused, as no regulatory mechanism existed to reclaim and reassign these numbers.

Area codes are added by two principal methods, number plan area splits and overlays. Splits were implemented by dividing an area into two or more regions, one of which retained the existing area code and the other areas receiving a new code. In an overlay, multiple codes are assigned to the same geographical area, obviating the need for renumbering of existing services. Subtle variations of these techniques have been used as well, such as dedicated overlays, in which the new code is reserved for a particular type of service, such as cellular phones and pagers, and concentrated overlays, in which a part of the area retained a single code while the rest of the region received an overlay code. The only service-specific overlay in the NANP was area code 917 (New York City) when it was first installed; such service-specific area code assignments were later prohibited by the Federal Communications Commission.

Most area codes of the form N10, originally reserved for AT&T’s Teletypewriter eXchange (TWX) service, were transferred to Western Union in 1969 and were freed up for other use in 1981 after conversion to Telex II service was complete. The last of these, 610, was assigned to Canada, but reassigned in 1992. These new area codes, as well as a few other codes used for routing calls to Mexico, were used for telephone area code splits in the late 1980s and early 1990s, as all other area codes under the original plan had been consumed.

After the remaining valid area codes were used up by expansion, in 1995 the rapid increase in the need for more area codes forced the NANPA to allow the digits 2 through 8 to be used as a middle digit in new area code assignments, with 9 being reserved as a last resort for potential future expansion. At the same time, local exchanges were allowed to use 1 or 0 as a middle digit. The first area codes without a 1 or 0 as the middle digit were area code 334 in Alabama and area code 360 in Washington, which both began service on January 15, 1995. This was quickly followed by area code 520 serving Arizona on March 19, 1995.

By 1995, many cities in the United States and Canada had more than one area code, either from dividing a city into different areas (NPA split) or having more than one code for the same area (NPA overlay). The overlay method requires that the area code must be dialed in all cases, even for local calls, while the split plan may permit seven-digit dialing within the same area. The transition to ten-digit dialing typically starts with a permissive dialing phase, which is widely publicized, during which dialing all ten digits is optional. After a period of several months, mandatory dialing begins, when seven-digit dialing is no longer permissible. Atlanta was the first U.S. city to require mandatory ten-digit dialing throughout the metropolitan area, roughly coinciding with the 1996 Summer Olympics held there. Atlanta was used as the test case not only because of its size, but also because it had the world’s largest fiber-optic network at the time, five times larger than that of New York, and it was home to BellSouth (now part of AT&T), then the Southeastern Regional Bell Operating Company, with AT&T’s fiber optics manufacturing facility within the city.

Growth issues[edit]

Depending on the techniques used for area code and central office code relief, the effect on telephone users varies. In areas in which overlays were used, this generally avoids the need for converting telephone numbers, so existing directories, business records, letterheads, business cards, advertising, and «speed-dialing» settings can retain the same phone numbers, while the overlay is used for new number allocations. The primary effect on telephone users is the necessity of remembering and dialing 10- or 11-digit numbers when only 7-digit dialing was previously permissible.

Splitting instead of overlaying generally avoids the requirement for mandatory area-code dialing, but at the expense of having to convert a region to the new code. In addition to the requirements of updating records and directories to accommodate the new numbers, for efficient conversion this requires a period of «permissive dialing» in which the new and old codes are both allowed to work. Also, many splittings involved significant technical issues, especially when the area splittings occurred over boundaries other than phone network divisions.

In 1998 area code 612, assigned to the Minneapolis – Saint Paul Twin Cities, was split to create area code 651 for St. Paul and the eastern metropolitan area. The Minnesota Public Utilities Commission mandated that the new boundary exactly follow municipal boundaries, which were distinctly different from telephone exchange boundaries, and that all subscribers keep their seven-digit numbers. These two goals were directly at odds with the reason for the split, namely to provide additional telephone numbers. More than forty exchanges had territory that straddled the new boundary. As a result, prefixes were duplicated in both area codes, which counteracted much of the benefit of the split, with only 200 of 700 prefixes in area 612 moving entirely to area 651. In less than two years area code 612 again exhausted its supply of telephone numbers, and required a three-way split in 2000, creating the new area codes 763 and 952. The split followed political boundaries, rather than rate center boundaries, resulting in additional split prefixes; a few numbers moved from 612 to 651 and then to 763 in less than two years.

Decrease of growth rate[edit]

Recognizing that the proliferation of area codes was largely due to the telecom deregulation act and the assignment of numbers in blocks of ten thousand, the FCC instructed NANPA, by then administered by Neustar, to alleviate the numbering shortage. As a result, number pooling was piloted in 2001 as a system for allocating local numbers to carriers in blocks of 1,000 rather than 10,000. Because of the then design of the switched telephone network, this was a considerable technical obstacle. Number pooling was implemented with another technical obstacle, local number portability.

The program has been implemented in much of the United States by state regulators. Some cities have also implemented rate center consolidation; fewer rate centers resulted in more efficient use of telephone numbers, as carriers would reserve blocks of 1,000 or 10,000 numbers in each of multiple rate centers in the same area even if they had relatively few clients in the area.^[40] (A rate center is a geographical area used by a Local Exchange Carrier (LEC) to determine the boundaries for local calling, billing and assigning phone numbers. Typically a call within a rate center is local, while a call from one rate center to another is a long-distance call.) Together with aggressive reclamation of unused number blocks from telecom providers, number pooling has reduced the need for additional area codes, so that many previously designated area splits and overlays have been postponed indefinitely.

Canada never implemented number pooling, so that even the smallest villages are rate centers and every CLEC is assigned blocks of ten thousand numbers.

New area codes outside the contiguous United States and Canada[edit]

Before 1995, all NANP countries and territories outside the contiguous United States, Alaska, Hawaii and Canada shared the area code 809. This included Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Each has since been assigned one or more distinct numbering plan areas; area code 809 now exclusively serves the Dominican Republic (along with area codes 829 and 849). The United States Pacific territories of the Northern Mariana Islands and Guam joined the NANP in 1997, and American Samoa became an NANP member in October 2004. The Dutch possession of Sint Maarten was originally scheduled to join the NANP on May 31, 2010, but the changeover was postponed to September 30, 2011.^[13]

Bermuda	before 1995: served by area code 809	1995: assigned area code 441
Puerto Rico	before 1996: served by area code 809	1996: assigned area code 787 2001: overlaid with area code 939
U.S. Virgin Islands	before 1997: served by area code 809	1997: assigned area code 340
Northern Marianas	before 1997: reached via IDDD using country code 670	1997: assigned area code 670
Guam	before 1997: reached via IDDD using country code 671	1997: assigned area code 671
American Samoa	before October 1, 2004: reached via IDDD using country code 684	2004: assigned area code 684
Sint Maarten	before September 30, 2011: reached via IDDD using country code 599	2011: assigned area code 721

Telephone number size expansion[edit]

The NANP exhaust analysis estimates that the existing numbering system is sufficient beyond 2049, based on the assumptions that a maximum of 674 NPAs continue to be available, and that on average 3,990 central office codes are needed per year.^[41]

In case of exhaustion, various plans are discussed for expanding the numbering plan. One option is to add the digit 1 or 0 either at the beginning or at the end of the area code, or prefixing it to the seven-digit subscriber number. This would require eleven-digit dialing even for local calls between any two NANP numbers. Another proposal introduces the digit 9 into the area code in the format x9xx, so that, for example, San Francisco’s 415 would become 4915. Other proposals include reallocating blocks of numbers assigned to smaller long-distance carriers or unused reserved services.^{[citation needed]}

Dialing procedures[edit]

The structure of the North American Numbering Plan permits implementation of local dial plans in each plan area, depending on requirements. When multiple NPA codes serve an area in an overlay arrangement, ten-digit (10D) dialing is required. Seven-digit (7D) dialing may be permissible in areas with single area codes.^[42] Depending on the requirement of toll alerting, it may be necessary to prefix a telephone number with 1. The NANPA publishes dial plan information for individual area codes.^[43]

The standard dial plans in most cases are as follows:

	Local within area code	Local outside area code	Toll within area code	Toll outside area code
Single code area, with toll alerting	7D or 10D	7D or 10D	1+10D	1+10D
Single code area, without toll alerting	7D or 10D	1+10D	7D or 10D	1+10D
Overlaid area, with toll alerting	10D	10D	1+10D	1+10D
Overlaid area, without toll alerting	10D	1+10D	10D	1+10D

The number of digits dialed is unrelated to being a local call or a toll call when there is no toll alerting. Allowing 7D local dial across an area code boundary, which is uncommon today, requires central office code protection, locally if using toll alerting, across the entire area code otherwise, to avoid assignment of the same seven-digit number on both sides. Landlines occasionally require 1+10D where 10D is required, most notably in California.

Most areas permit local calls as 1+10D except for Texas, Georgia, and some jurisdictions in Canada which require that landline callers know which numbers are local and which are toll, dialing 10D for local calls and 1+10D for all toll calls.

In almost all cases, domestic operator-assisted calls are dialed 0+10D.

Special numbers and codes[edit]

Some common special numbers in the North American system:

• 0 – Operator assistance
• 00 – Long-distance operator assistance (formerly 2-1-1)
• 011 – International access code using direct dial (for all destinations outside the NANP).
• 01 – International access code using operator assistance (for all destinations outside the NANP).
• 101-xxxx – Used to select use of an alternative long-distance carrier
• 211 – Local community information or social services (in some cities)
• 311 – City government or non-emergency police matters
• 411 – Local telephone directory service (Some telephone companies provide national directory assistance)
• 511 – Traffic, road, and tourist information
• 611 – Telephone line repair service (formerly 4104), wireless operator customer service (formerly 811).
• 711 – Relay service for customers with hearing or speech disabilities.
• 811 – Local utility location services (United States), non-urgent telehealth/teletriage services in Canada (formerly telephone company business office)
• 911 – Emergency telephone number – fire department, medical emergency, police.
• 988 – National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (United States).^[44]
• 950-xxxx – Feature group code for access to a carrier from a non-subscriber location. The feature requires the customer dial a 950-xxxx number and enter a calling card number and destination telephone number. It was originally used for locations where 101-xxxx dialing was not possible.
• 958-xxxx (local); 959-xxxx (long distance) – Plant test numbers, such as automatic number announcement circuits. It was once common to reserve entire unused exchange prefixes or N11 numbers (4101 was ringback number on many step-by-step switches), but these have largely moved to individual unpublished numbers within the standard 958-xxxx (local) or 959-xxxx (long-distance) plant test exchanges as numbers become scarce.
• 1 (NPA) 555-1212 – Non-local directory information (Canada and United States)

Vertical service codes are used for special calling features, such as:

• *51 and 1151: A history of unanswered calls on a telephone number, useful for those who are not Caller ID subscribers.
• *57 and 1157: Used to trace harassing, threatening, abusive, obscene, etc. phone calls, and keep results of trace at phone company.
• *66 and 1166: To keep retrying a busy-line (see also Called-party camp-on)
• *67 and 1167: Caller ID Block
• *69 and 1169: Call Return caller may press ‘1’ to return call after hearing number
• *70 and 1170: Cancel call waiting on a call-by-call basis
• *71 and 1171: Three-way calling, which lets a person talk to people in two different locations at the same time.
• *74 and 1174: Speed dial, which allows someone to quickly dial any of eight frequently called numbers using a one-digit code, from any phone on their line.
• *75 allows a total of 30 speed-call numbers with two digits.
• *77 activates Anonymous Call Rejection Service
• *82 and 1182: Releases Caller ID block on a call-by-call basis
• *87 deactivates Anonymous Call Rejection Service

The four-digit numbers are not implemented in some areas. The star codes (*) are for use on Touch-Tone telephones, whereas the four-digit numbers prefixed 11xx are used on rotary dial telephones which cannot dial the * symbol.
Not all NANP countries use the same codes. For example, the emergency telephone number is not always 911: Trinidad and Tobago and Dominica use 999, as in the United Kingdom. The country of Barbados uses 211 for police force, 311 for fire, and 511 for ambulance, while Jamaica uses 114 for directory assistance, 119 for police force, and 110 for fire and ambulance services.

Despite its early importance as a share of the worldwide telephone system, few of the NANP’s codes, such as 911, have been adopted outside the system. Determining that 911 requires unnecessary rotation time on rotary dial telephones, the European Union has adopted its own standardized number of 112, while countries in Asia and the rest of the world use a variety of other two- or three-digit emergency telephone number combinations. The 112 code is gaining prevalence because of its preprogrammed presence in mobile telephones that conform to the European GSM standard. The European Union and many other countries have chosen the International Telecommunication Union’s 00 as their international access number instead of 011. The toll-free prefix 800 has been widely adopted elsewhere, including as the international toll-free country code. It is often preceded by a 0 rather than a 1 in many countries where 0 is the trunk prefix.

International dialing[edit]

While international direct dialing was available in some locations in the United States by the late 1950s, a continental system was introduced as
International Direct Distance Dialing (IDDD) for the territories of the North American Numbering Plan in March 1970.^[45]

While the NANP was designed as a closed numbering plan with ten digit telephone numbers, IDDD was implemented through extensive modifications in the switching systems to accommodate the international open numbering plan with seven to twelve digits in the national telephone numbers.^[46] Access to the international network is facilitated by the dialing prefix 011, after which the country calling code and the national telephone number are dialed.

Number portability[edit]

The Telecommunications Act of 1996 (47 U.S.C. § 251 (b)(2)) authorizes the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to require all local exchange carriers (LECs) to offer local number portability.^[47] The FCC regulations were enacted on June 27, 1996, with changes to take effect in the one hundred largest Metropolitan Statistical Areas by October 1, 1997, and elsewhere by December 31, 1998.^[48]

The FCC directed the North American Numbering Council (NANC) to select one or more private-sector candidates for the local number portability administrator (LNPA) function,^[49] in a manner akin to the selection of the North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA).^[50]

The toll-free telephone numbers in NPA 800, 888, 877, 866, 855, 844, and 833 have been portable through the RespOrg system since 1993.^[51]

Toll charges[edit]

Calls between different countries and territories of the NANP are not typically charged at domestic rates. For example, most long-distance plans may charge a California subscriber a higher rate for a call to British Columbia than for a call to New York, even though both destinations are within the NANP. Similarly, calls from Bermuda to U.S. numbers (including 1-800 numbers, which are normally thought of as toll-free) incur international rates. This is because many of the island nations implemented a plan of subsidizing the cost of local phone services by directly charging higher pricing levies on international long-distance services.^{[citation needed]}

Because of these higher fees, scams had taken advantage of customers’ unfamiliarity with pricing structure to call the legacy regional area code 809. Some scams lured customers from the United States and Canada into placing expensive calls to the Caribbean, by representing area code 809 as a regular domestic, low-cost, or toll-free call. The split of 809 (which formerly covered all of the Caribbean NANP points) into multiple new area codes created many new, unfamiliar prefixes which could be mistaken for U.S. or Canada domestic area codes but carried high tariffs. In various island nations, premium exchanges such as +1-876-HOT-, +1-876-WET- or +1-876-SEX- (where 876 is Jamaica) became a means to circumvent consumer-protection laws governing area code 900 or similar U.S.-domestic premium numbers.

These scams are on the decline, with many of the Cable and Wireless service monopolies being opened up to competition, hence bringing rates down. Additionally, many Caribbean territories have implemented local government agencies to regulate telecommunications rates of providers.^[52][53]

Countries and territories[edit]

Of all states or territories, the U.S. state of California has the largest number of area codes assigned, followed by Texas, Florida and New York, while most countries of the Caribbean use only one.^[54] Many Caribbean codes were assigned based on alphabetic abbreviations of the territory name, as indicated in the third column of the following table (Letter code). This follows the traditional letter assignments on telephone dials. For some Pacific islands, the NANPA area code is the same as the country code that was discontinued upon membership in the NANP.

Country/Territory	Area codes	Letter code	Regulator
American Samoa	684*		American Samoa Telecommunications Authority
Anguilla	264	ANG	Public Utilities Commission of Anguilla
Antigua and Barbuda	268	ANT	Telecommunications Division of the Government of Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamas	242	BHA	Utilities Regulation & Competition Authority
Barbados	246	BIM	Telecommunications Unit
Bermuda	441		https://www.ra.bm/
British Virgin Islands	284	BVI	Telecommunications Regulatory Commission
Canada	204, 226, … 905		Canadian Numbering Administration Consortium
Cayman Islands	345		Information and Communications Technology Authority
Dominica	767	ROS (Roseau)	Eastern Caribbean Telecommunications Authority
Dominican Republic	809, 829, 849		Instituto Dominicano de las Telecomunicaciones
Grenada	473	GRE	Eastern Caribbean Telecommunications Authority
Guam	671*		Guam Telephone Authority
Jamaica	876, 658[55]		Spectrum Management Authority
Montserrat	664		Montserrat Info-Communications Authority
Northern Mariana Islands	670*
Puerto Rico	787, 939	PUR	Junta Reglamentadora de Telecomunicaciones de Puerto Rico
Saint Kitts and Nevis	869		National Telecommunications Regulatory Commission
Saint Lucia	758	SLU	National Telecommunications Regulatory Commission
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	784	SVG	National Telecommunications Regulatory Commission
Sint Maarten[13]	721		Bureau Telecommunications and Post
Trinidad and Tobago	868	TNT	Telecommunications Authority of Trinidad and Tobago
Turks and Caicos Islands	649		Telecommunications Commission
United States	201, 202, … 989		Federal Communications Commission
United States Virgin Islands	340		Public Services Commission
	* same as previous country code

Membership in the NANP brings significant advantages for countries in the vicinity of the United States and Canada, which usually are already the top dialing destinations. Both countries also originate most of the tourism business for the Caribbean. This is enhanced by the integration from sharing the same dialing procedures, without international access codes, and the toll-free number system of the NANP, as businesses in all member countries are eligible to participate.

Alphabetic mnemonic system[edit]

digit	letters	Letters of the alphabet are mapped to the digits of the telephone dial pad.
2	ABC
3	DEF
4	GHI
5	JKL
6	MNO
7	P(Q)RS
8	TUV
9	WXY(Z)

Many telephone dials and keypads maintain a tradition of alphabetic dialing. Usually each pushbutton from digit 2 to 9 also displays three letters, which is standardized in ISO 9995-8 and, in Europe, E.161. Historically, the letters Q and Z were omitted, although some modern telephones contain them. SMS-capable devices have all 26 letters. The alphabet is apportioned to the buttons as follows:

No letters are typically mapped to keys 1 and 0, although some corporate voicemail systems use 1 for Q and Z, and some old telephones assigned the Z to the digit 0.

Originally, this scheme was used as a mnemonic device for the exchange prefixes in telephone numbers. When telephone numbers in the United States were standardized in the mid-20th century to seven digits, the first two digits of the exchange prefix were expressed as letters rather than numbers, using the telephone exchange name. Before World War II, the largest cities used three letters and four or five numerals, while in most cities phone numbers had only six digits (2L-4N). The prefix was a name and the first two or three letters, listed as capital letters in directories, were dialed. Later, the third letter, where implemented, was replaced by a digit, or an extra digit was added. This generally happened after World War II, although New York City converted in 1930. The adoption of seven-digit local numbers (2L-5N) was chosen as the requirement for direct distance dialing and progressively deployed starting in the late 1940s.

The famous Glenn Miller tune PEnnsylvania 6-5000 refers to telephone number PE6-5000, a number in service at the Hotel Pennsylvania (212 736–5000) in New York up until 2020 when the hotel closed permanently. Similarly, the classic film BUtterfield 8 is set in the East Side of Manhattan between roughly 64th and 86th Streets, where the telephone prefixes include 288.

The letter system was phased out, beginning before 1965, although it persisted ten years later in some places. It was included in Bell of Pennsylvania directories until 1983. Even today, some businesses still display a 2L-5N number in advertisements, e.g., the Belvedere Construction Company in Detroit, Michigan not only still uses the 2L-5N format for its number (TYler 8-7100), it uses the format for the toll-free number (1-800-TY8-7100).

Despite the phasing out of the letter system, alphabetic phonewords remain as a commercial mnemonic gimmick, particularly for toll-free numbers. For example, one can dial 1-800-FLOWERS to order flowers, or 1-800-DENTIST to find a local dentist.

In addition to commercial uses, alphabetic dialing has occasionally influenced the choice of area codes. For example, when area code 423 (East Tennessee) was split in 1999, the region surrounding Knoxville was assigned area code 865, chosen to represent VOL, for The Volunteer State, the nickname of Tennessee, as well as athletic teams at the University of Tennessee.^[56][57] Similarly, several Caribbean area codes were chosen as an alphabetic abbreviation of the country name.

Fictional telephone numbers[edit]

American television programs and films often use the central office code 555, or KLamath 5 and KLondike 5 in older movies and shows, for fictitious telephone numbers, to prevent disturbing actual telephone subscribers if anyone is tempted to dial a telephone number seen or referred to on screen. Not all numbers beginning with 555 are fictional. For example, 555-1212 is the standard number for directory assistance. Only 555-0100 through 555-0199 are reserved for fictional use. Where used, these are often routed to information services; Canadian telephone companies briefly promoted 555-1313 as a pay-per-use «name that number» reverse lookup in the mid-1990s.^[58]

Occasionally, valid telephone numbers are used as song titles. The 1962 Motown hit «Beechwood 4-5789» was written by Marvin Gaye for the Marvelettes, while Stax/Volt Records’ Wilson Pickett scored a soul hit in the 1960s with the similarly named «634-5789». A more recent example is the 1981 song «867-5309/Jenny» by Tommy Tutone, which was the cause of a large number of prank calls.^[59]

See also[edit]

• List of area code overlays
• List of North American Numbering Plan area codes
• Numbering Resource Utilization/Forecast Report

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• North American Numbering Plan Administrator (NANPA)
• Canadian Numbering Administrator
• Map of the original 86 area codes from 1947
• North American Numbering Council Archived 2022-01-20 at the Wayback Machine
• NANP Discussion 2003 Document — Understanding the North American Numbering Plan

Инструкция по набору кодов и префиксов для связи внутри США или для звонков между США и Россией будет полезна тем, кто собирается в Северную Америку.

Если вы или ваш близкий человек один из таких людей, то данная статья именно то, что вам нужно.

Как совершать звонки внутри США

Вся территория США поделена не территориальные зоны, каждой из которых присвоен свой телефонный код. Каждый крупный штат чаще всего разделен на несколько зон, а территории более мелких могут совпадать с одной конкретной зоной.

Чтобы позвонить внутри страны в пределах одной зоны следует просто набрать местный семизначный номер телефона.

Для звонка внутри США между территориальными зонами (штатами) следует набрать:

1 – код штата или мобильного оператора – номер абонента

Примеры:

• Чтобы совершить звонок по городской связи в Нью-Йорке нужно набирать: xxx-xx-xx
• Для звонка из Нью-Йорка в Вермонт на стационарный телефон следует набрать: 1-802-xxx-xx-xx

Как звонить в Америку из России

Звонки можно совершать как с использованием стационарного телефона, так и мобильного. Именно эти два случая и рассмотрим.

Международный телефонный код США: 1.

В конце статьи приведены коды выхода на международную линию для основных провайдеров городской связи в РФ, а также коды североамериканских штатов. Привязка номера телефона к мобильному оператору в Штатах отсутствует.

С городского телефона

Для звонка в США из России со стационарного телефона нужно набрать:

8 – код выхода на международное соединение – 1 – код города или мобильного оператора – номер абонента

Примеры:

• Для звонка с городского телефона Ростелеком из Москвы на стационарный номер на Аляску наберите: 8-10-1-907-xxx-xx-xx
• Нужно с городского телефона оператора ТрансТелеКом из Астрахани позвонить на сотовый в США абоненту T-Mobile: 8-57-1-xxx-xxx-xx-xx

С сотового телефона

Для совершения звонка с мобильного из России в США нужно набирать:

+ 1 – код города или мобильного оператора – номер абонента

Примеры:

• Вам необходимо позвонить с мобильного из Волгограда в Денвер (штат Колорадо) на городской. Для этого наберите: +1-303-xxx-xx-xx
• Чтобы с мобильного из Сочи позвонить абоненту AT&T на мобильный в Майами (штат Флорида), нужно набрать: +1-xxx-xxx-xx-xx

Как звонить из США в Россию

С помощью указанной выше информации вы сможете позвонить в США из РФ. А как же быть в обратной ситуации, когда в Штатах находитесь вы и вам нужно связаться с абонентом в России? Рассмотрим порядок действий при использовании мобильного и городского телефонов.

Телефонный код России — 7.

Со стационарного телефона

Чтобы позвонить из США в Россию с городского (стационарного) телефона следует набрать:

011 – 7 – код города или мобильного оператора в РФ – номер абонента

011 — код выхода не международную линию. Если он не подходит, то обратитесь в справочную оператора городской связи, услугами которого пользуетесь в Северной Америке. Там вам подскажут актуальный код.

Примеры:

• Для звонка абоненту МТС в Москву с городского телефона из Вашингтона наберите: 011-7-910-xxx-xx-xx
• Для вызова с мобильного из Колорадо на городской в Краснодар нужно набрать: 011-7-861-xxx-xx-xx

С мобильного телефона

Чтобы с мобильного телефона из Америки позвонить человеку в РФ нужно набрать:

+7 – код города или сотового оператора в РФ – номер абонента

Примеры:

• С сотового телефона оператора T-Mobile звоним из Алабамы на городской в Челябинск: +7-351-xxx-xx-xx
• С мобильного из Миннесоты звоним на сотовый абоненту Теле2 в Новосибирск: +7-951-xxx-xx-xx

Код выхода на международное соединение

Оператор стационарного телефона	Код
Ростелеком	10
Арктел	26
Синтерра	27
Комстар-ОТС	28
Совинтел (Билайн)	56
ТрансТелеКом	57
МТТ	58
Эквант (Orange)	59

Телефонные коды штатов США

Штат	Код
Айдахо	208, 986
Айова	319, 515, 563, 641, 712
Алабама	205, 251, 256, 334, 938
Аляска	907
Аризона	480, 520, 602, 623, 928
Арканзас	479, 501, 870
Вайоминг	307
Вашингтон	206, 253, 360, 425, 509, 564
Вашингтон, округ Колумбия	202
Вермонт	802
Виргиния	276, 434, 540, 571, 703, 757, 804
Висконсин	262, 414, 534, 608, 715, 920
Гавайи	808
Делавэр	302
Джорждия	229, 404, 470, 478, 678, 706, 762, 770, 912
Западная Виргиния	304, 681
Иллинойс	217, 224, 309, 312, 331, 618, 630, 708, 773, 779, 815, 847, 872
Индиана	219, 260, 317, 463, 574, 765, 812, 930
Калифорния	209, 213, 279, 310, 323, 408, 415, 424, 442, 510, 530, 559, 562, 619, 626, 628, 650, 657, 661, 669, 707, 714, 747, 760, 805, 818, 820, 831, 858, 909, 916, 925, 949, 951
Канзас	316, 620, 785, 913
Кентукки	270, 364, 502, 606, 859
Колорадо	303, 719, 720, 970
Коннектикут	203, 475, 860, 959
Луизиана	225, 318, 337, 504, 985
Массачусетс	339, 351, 413, 508, 617, 774, 781, 857, 978
Миннесота	218, 320, 507, 612, 651, 763, 952
Миссисипи	228, 601, 662, 769
Миссури	314, 417, 573, 636, 660, 816
Мичиган	231, 248, 269, 313, 517, 586, 616, 734, 810, 906, 947, 989
Монтана	406
Мэн	207
Мэриленд	240, 301, 410, 443, 667
Небраска	308, 402, 531
Невада	702, 725, 775
Нью-Гэмпшир	603
Нью-Джерси	201, 551, 609, 640, 732, 848, 856, 862, 908, 973
Нью-Йорк	212, 315, 332, 347, 516, 518, 585, 607, 631, 646, 680, 716, 718, 838, 845, 914, 917, 929, 934
Нью-Мексико	505, 575
Огайо	216, 220, 234, 330, 380, 419, 440, 513, 567, 614, 740, 937
Оклахома	405, 539, 580, 918
Орегон	458, 503, 541, 971
Пенсильвания	215, 223, 267, 272, 412, 445, 484, 570, 610, 717, 724, 814, 878
Род-Айленд	401
Северная Дакота	701
Северная Каролина	252, 336, 704, 743, 828, 910, 919, 980, 984
Теннесси	423, 615, 629, 731, 865, 901, 931
Техас	210, 214, 254, 281, 325, 346, 361, 409, 430, 432, 469, 512, 682, 713, 726, 737, 806, 817, 830, 832, 903, 915, 936, 940, 956, 972, 979
Флорида	239, 305, 321, 352, 386, 407, 561, 727, 754, 772, 786, 813, 850, 863, 904, 941, 954
Южная Дакота	605
Южная Каролина	803, 843, 854, 864
Юта	385, 435, 801

Код города Город 623,602 Agua Fria 225,504 Albany 516,631 Amagansett 516,631 Amityville 978,508 Andover 636,314 Antonia 912,229 Ashburn 941,863 Auburndale 941,863 Avon Park 516,631 Babylon 909,951,75 Banning 409,936 Batson 516,631 Bay Shore 914,845 Beacon 414,262 Belgium 423,865 Bentcreek 978,508 Billerica 414,262 Bohners Lake 442,76 Borrego 781 Braintree 318,337 Breau Bridge 914,845 Brewster 318,337 Broussard 414,262 Brussels 409,979 Burton 318,337 Carencro 606,859 Carlisli 914,845 Carmel 912,478 Cedar Grove 414,262 Cedarburg 856,609 Cedarville 231,616 Charlevoix 423,865 Chestnuthi 517,989 Clare 941,863 Clewiston 516,631 Commac 225,504 Convent 612,763 Coon Rapids 612,763 Crystal 775,702 Crystalbay 423,865 Dandridge 636,314 Dardenne 414,262 Darien 530,916 Davis 781,617 Dedham 858,619 Del Mar 225,504 Denham Spring 517,989 Dimondale 559,209 Dinuba 225,504 Donaldsonville 414,262 Dousman 559,209 Ducor 612,952 Eagan 517,989 East Tawas 612,763,95 Eden Prairie 612,952 Edina 909,951,75 Elsinore 914,845 Esopus 318,337 Eunice 559,209 Exeter 442,76 Fallbrook 559,209 Farmersville 912,229 Fitzgerald 636,314 Foristell 912,478 Fort Valley 941,863 Frostproof 517,989 Gaines 423,865 Gatlinburg 414,262 Genoa City 856,609 Gloucester 612,763,95 Golden Valley 559,209 Grantqrove 856,609 Haddon Heights 856,609 Haddonfield 941,863 Haines City 423,865 Harriman 636,314 Harvester 914,845 Haverstraw 909,951,75 Hemt Hemt 636,314 High Ridge 831,408,66 Hollister 414,262 Hubertus 909,951,75 Idyllwild 225,504 Innis 318,337 Jeanerette 515,641 Joice 318,337 Kaplan 559,209 Kerman 414,262 Kewaskum 941,863 La Belle 858,619 La Jolla 985,504 Laplace 515,641 Latimer 559,209 Laton 319,563 Lawler 559,209 Lemoore 423,865 Lenoir City 225,504 Livonia 225,504 Lutcher 914,845 Mahopac 781,617 Malden 612,763 Maple Grove 225,504 Maringouin 423,865 Mascot 225,504 Maurepas 414,262 Menomon Falls 414,262 Merton 606,859 Midway 909,951,75 Mira Loma 858,619 Mira Mesa 941,863 Moorehaven 909,951,75 Moreno 225,504 Morganza 414,262 Mukwonago 941,863 Mulberry 414,262 Muskego 914,845 Nanuet 503 Nehalem 318,337 New Iberia 636,314 New Melle 914,845 New Paltz 225,504 New Roads 606,859 Nicholasville 414,262 Oconomowoc 636,314 Old Monroe 231,616 Onekama 515,641 Osceola 661,805 Palmdale 516,631 Patchogue 856,609 Paulsboro 914,845 Pearlriver 914,845 Peekskill 912,229 Pelham 515,641 Pella 856,609 Pennsgrove 414,262 Pewaukee 409,936 Plantersville 941,863 Polk City 636,314 Portagsiux 858,619 Poway 912,478 Rentz 901,731 Ripley 559,209 Riverdale 503 Rockaway 516,631 Ronkonkoma 225,504 Rosedale 612,952 Rosemount 225,504 Rougon 423,865 Rutledge 559,209 Sanger 914,845 Saugerties 516,631 Sayville 914,845 Scotchtown 409,979 Sealy 515,641 Searsboro 612,763,95 Shakopee 414,262 Slinger 423,865 Solway 225,504 Sorrento 516,631 Southahmton 225,504 St.Francisville 225,504 St.Gabriel 318,337 Sugartown 912,478 Swainsboro 856,609 Swedesboro 409,979 Sweehy 909,951,75 Temecula 559,209 Terrabella 414,262 Thiensville 636,314 Truxton 225,504 Tunica 612,763,95 Twincities 225,504 Vacherie 856,609 Vineland 606,859 Waco 414,262 Walworth 914,845 Wappingers Falls 636,314 Ware 606,859 Warsaw 423,865 Washburn 941,863 Wauchula 414,262 Waukesha 612,763,95 Wayzata 856,609 Wenonah 319,563 West Union 517,989 Westbranch 409,979 Wharton 414,262 Wheatland 225,504 White Castle 414,262 Williamsbury 440 Willoughby 775,702 Winnemucca 856,609 Woodbury 909,951,75 Woodcrest 515,641 Yale 516,631 Yaphank 318,337 Youngsville 225,504 Zachary 912,229 Аббевилл (Джорджия) // Abbeville 318,337 Аббевилл (Луизиана) // Abbeville 605 Абердин (Ю.Дакота) // Aberdeen 785,913 Абилин (Канзас) // Abilene 559,209 Авенал (Калифорния) // Avenal 208 Айдахо-Фолс (Айдахо) // Idaho Falls 409,936 Айола (Техас) // Iola 912,226 Айрон-Сити (Джорджия) // Iron City 517,989 Акрон (Мичиган) // Akron 330,234 Акрон (Огайо) // Akron 978,508 Актон (Массачусетс) // Acton 904,386 Алачуа (Флорида) // Alachua 515,641 Албия (Айова) // Albia 580 Алва (Оклахома) // Alva 256,205 Александер-Сити (Алабама) // Alexander City 606,859 Александрия (Кентукки) // Alexandria 318 Александрия (Луизиана) // Alexandria 361,512 Алис (Техас) // Alice 610,484 Аллентаун (Пенсильвания) // Allentown 414,262 Аллентон (Висконсин) // Allenton 517,989 Алма (Мичиган) // Alma 870,501 Алпина (Арканзас) // Alpena 517,989 Алпина (Мичиган) // Alpena 515,641 Алтависта (Айова) // Altavista 409,936 Алто (Техас) // Alto 580,405 Алтус (Оклахома) // Altus 323 Алхамбра (Калифорния) // Alhambra 505 Альбукерке (Нью-Мехико) // Albuquerque 912,229 Америкус (Джорджия) // Americus 409,979 Англтон (Техас) // Angleton 765,317 Андерсон (Индиана) // Anderson 409,936 Андерсон (Техас) // Anderson 907 Анкоридж (Аляска) // Anchorage 734,313,27 Анн-Арбор (Мичиган) // Ann Arbor 256,205 Аннистон (Алабама) // Anniston 612,763,95 Анока (Миннесота) // Anoka 920 Аплтон (Висконси) // Appleton 831,408,66 Аптос (Калифорния) // Aptos 580,405 Ардмор (Оклахома) // Ardmore 626,818 Аркейдия (Калифорния) // Arcadia 941,863 Аркейдия (Флорида) // Arcadia 319,563 Арлингтон (Айова) // Arlington 912,229 Арлингтон (Джорджия) // Arlington 909,951,75 Арлингтон (Калифорния) // Arlington 781 Арлингтон (Массачусетс) // Arlington 503 Астория (Орегон) // Astoria 901,731 Атвуд (Теннесси) // Atwood 256,205 Атенс (Алабама) // Athens 404,678,77 Атланта (Джорджия) // Atlanta 912,478 Атланта (Джорджия) // Atlanta 765,317 Атланта (Индиана) // Atlanta 516,631 Атлантик (Нью-Йорк) // Atlantic 609 Атлантик-Сити (Нью-Джерси) // Atlantic City 580,405 Атока (Оклахома) // Atoka 636,314 Аугуста (Миссури) // Augusta 515,641 Афтон (Айова) // Afton 651,612 Афтон (Миннесота) // Afton 828,704,98 Ашвилл (Сев.Каролина) // Asheville 606 Ашленд (Кентукки) // Ashland 517,989 Ашли (Мичиган) // Ashley 410 Балтимор (Мэриленд) // Baltimore 207 Бангор (Мэн) // Bangor 612,952 Барнсвилл (Миннесота) // Burnsville 912,478 Бартон (Джорджия) // Barton 941,863 Бартоу (Флорида) // Bartow 515,641 Батейвия (Айова) // Batavia 912,478 Батлер (Джорджия) // Butler 606,859 Батлер (Кентукки) // Butler 973,201 Батлер (Нью-Джерси) // Butler 724,412 Батлер (Пенсильвания) // Butler 225,504 Батон-Руж (Луизиана) // Baton Rouge 978,508 Беверли (Массачусетс) // Beverly 781 Бедфорд (Массачусетс) // Bedford 440,216 Бедфорд (Огайо) // Bedford 661,805 Бейкерсфилд (Калифорния) // Bakersfield 912,229 Бейнбридж (Джорджия) // Bainbridge 516,631 Бейпорт (Нью-Йорк) // Bayport 517,989 Бей-Сити (Мичиган) // Bay City 503 Бей-Сити (Орегон) // Bay City 409,979 Бей-Сити (Техас) // Bay City 734,313,27 Белвилл (Мичиган) // Belleville 409,979 Белвилл (Техас) // Bellville 360,564 Белингхем (Вашингтон) // Bellingham 323 Белл (Калифорния) // Bell 516,631 Белл-Порт (Нью-Йорк) // Bell Port 319,563 Беннетт (Айова) // Bennett 515,641 Бентон (Айова) // Benton 414,262 Берген (Висконсин) // Bergen 606,859 Бериа (Кентукки) // Berea 440,216 Бериа (Огайо) // Berea 510,341 Беркли (Калифорния) // Berkeley 248 Беркли (Мичиган) // Berkley 920 Берлин (Висконсин) // Berlin 912,229 Берлин (Джорджия) // Berlin 856,609 Берлин (Нью-Джерси) // Berlin 414,262 Берлингтон (Висконсин) // Burlington 781 Берлингтон (Массачусетс) // Burlington 336,91 Берлингтон (Сев.Каролина) // Burlington 409 Биамонт (Техас) // Beaumont 503 Бивер (Орегон) // Beaver 517,989 Бивертон (Мичиган) // Beaverton 361,512 Бивилл (Техас) // Beeville 412,262 Биг-Бенд (Висконсин) // Big Bend 612,763 Биг-Лейк (Миннесота) // Big Lake 231,616 Биг-Рапидс (Мичиган) // Big Rapids 406 Биллингс (Монтана) // Billings 228 Билокси (Миссисипи) // Biloxi 607 Бингемтон (Нью-Йорк) // Binghamton 205 Бирмингем (Алабама) // Birmingham 248 Бирмингем (Мичиган) // Birmingham 701 Бисмарк (Сев.Дакота) // Bismarck 606,859 Блайн (Кентукки) // Blaine 912,229 Блейкли (Джорджия) // Blakely 612,763 Блейн (Миннесота) // Blaine 612,952 Блумингтон (Миннесота) // Bloomington 515,641 Блумфилд (Айова) // Bloomfield 860 Блумфилд (Коннектикут) // Bloomfield 973,201 Блумфилд (Нью-Джерси) // Bloomfield 304 Блуфилд (Зап.Виргиния) // Bluefield 856,609 Блэквуд (Нью-Джерси) // Blackwood 985,504 Богалуса (Луизиана) // Bogalusa 231,616 Бойне-Сити (Мичиган) // Boyne City 208 Бойсе (Айдахо) // Boise 318,337 Болдуин (Луизиана) // Boldwin 901,731 Боливар (Теннесси) // Bolivar 318 Боссир-Сити (Луизиана) // Bossier City 912,229 Бостон (Джорджия) // Boston 617 Бостон (Массачусетс) // Boston 303,72 Боулдер (Колорадо) // Boulder 270 Боулинг-Грин (Кентукки) // Bowling Green 941 Брадентон (Флорида) // Bradenton 409,979 Брайан (Техас) // Bryan 606,859 Брайантсвилл (Кентукки) // Bryantsville 254 Брандон (Техас) // Brandon 901,731 Браунсвилл (Теннесси) // Brownsville 815 Бредлей (Иллинойс) // Bradley 409,979 Бренем (Техас) // Brenham 516,631 Брентвуд (Нью-Йорк) // Brentwood 435,801 Бригем-Сити (Юта) // Brigham City 810,586 Бриджтон (Мичиган) // Brighton 856,609 Бриджтон (Нью-Джерси) // Bridgeton 515,641 Бриджуотер (Айова) // Bridgewater 414,262 Бристол (Висконсин) // Bristol 515,641 Бристоу (Айова) // Bristow 515,641 Бритт (Айова) // Britt 860 Бруклин (Коннектикут) // Brooklyn 612,763 Бруклин-Центр (Миннесота) // Brooklyn Center 606,859 Бун (Кентукки) // Boone 828,704,98 Бун (Сев.Каролина) // Boone 904,386 Буннелл (Флорида) // Bunnell 515,641 Буффало-Сентер (Айова) // Buffalo Center 912,229 Валдоста (Джорджия) // Valdosta 636,314 Валли-Парк (Миссури) // Valley Park 860 Ватерфорд (Коннектикут) // Waterford 202 Вашингтон (District of Columbia) // Washington 318,337 Вашингтон (Луизина) // Washington 636,314 Вашингтон (Миссури) // Washington 810,586 Вашингтон (Мичиган) // Washington 724,412 Вашингтон (Пенсильвания) // Washington 409,936 Вашингтон (Техас) // Washington 316,62 Веллингтон (Канзас) // Wellington 941 Венайк (Флорида) // Venice 435,801 Вернал (Юта) // Vernal 323 Вернон (Калифорния) // Vernon 810,586 Вернон (Мичиган) // Vernon 940 Вернон (Техас) // Vernon 606,859 Версейлс (Кентукки) // Versailles 414,262 Вест-Бенд (Висконсин) // West Bend 409,979 Вест-Колумбия (Техас) // West Columbia 516,631 Вестхамптон (Нью-Йорк) // Westhampton 912,229 Виенна (Джорджия) // Vienna 361,512 Виктория (Техас) // Victoria 318,337 Вилл-Плат (Луизиана) // Ville Platte 318,337 Винтон (Луизиана) // Vinton 636,314 Винфилд (Миссури) // Winfield 559,209 Висейлия (Калифорния) // Visalia 442,76 Виста (Калифорния) // Vista 559,209 Вуд-Лейк (Калифорния) // Wood Lake 856,609 Вудстаун (Нью-Джерси) // Woodstown 914,845 Вудсток (Нью-Йорк) // Woodstock 516,631 Гаденсити (Нью-Йорк) // Gardencity 256,205 Гадсден (Алабама) // Gadsden 225,504 Галвес (Луизиана) // Galvez 228 Галфпорт (Миссисипи) // Gulfport 254 Гамильтон (Техас) // Hamilton 409,979 Гарвуд (Техас) // Garwood 775,702 Гарднервилл (Невада) // Gardnerville 503 Гарибальди (Орегон) // Garibaldi 515,641 Гарнер (Айова) // Garner 717 Гаррисберг (Пенсильвания) // Harrisburg 914,845 Гаррисон (Нью-Йорк) // Garrison 409,936 Гаррисон (Техас) // Garrison 704,98 Гастония (Сев.Каролина) // Gastonia 517,989 Гейлорд (Мичиган) // Gaylord 985,504 Гибсон (Луизиана) // Gibson 901,731 Гибсон (Теннесси) // Gibson 409,979 Гиддингс (Техас) // Giddings 270 Гласгоу (Кентукки) // Glasgow 856,609 Глассборо (Нью-Джерси) // Glassboro 860 Гластонбури (Коннектикут) // Glastonbury 623,602 Глендейл (Аризона) // Glendale 323 Глендейл (Калифорния) // Glendale 606,859 Гленко (Кентукки) // Glencoe 231,616 Глен-Лейк (Мичиган) // Glen Lake 775,702 Голдфилд (Невада) // Goldfield 225,504 Гонзалес (Луизиана) // Gonzales 912,478 Гордон (Джорджия) // Gordon 254 Гордон (Техас) // Gordon 254 Гормен (Техас) // Gorman 914,845 Гошен (Нью-Йорк) // Goshen 308 Гранд-Айленд (Небраска) // Grand Island 616 Гранд-Рапидс (Мичиган) // Grand Rapids 231,616 Грант (Мичиган) // Grant 515,641 Графтон (Айова) // Grafton 517,989 Грейлинг (Мичиган) // Grayling 406 Грейт-Фолс (Монтана) // Great Falls 662,601 Гренада (Миссисипи) // Grenada 319,563 Грили (Айова) // Greeley 970 Грили (Колорадо) // Greeley 515,641 Грин (Айова) // Greene 920 Грин-Бей (Висконсин) // Green Bay 423,865 Гринбэк (Теннесси) // Greenback 662,601 Гринвилл (Миссисипи) // Greenville 724,412 Гринвилл (Пенсильвания) // Greenville 252,919 Гринвилл (Сев. Каролина) // Greenville 864 Гринвилл (Ю.Каролина) // Greenville 662,601 Гринвуд (Миссисипи) // Greenwood 914,845 Гринвуд-Лейк (Нью-Йорк) // Greenwood Lake 414 Гриндейл (Висконсин) // Greendale 515,641 Гриннелл (Айова) // Grinnell 516,631 Гринпорт (Нью-Йорк) // Greenport 225,504 Гринсберг (Луизиана) // Greensburg 724,412 Гринсборо (Пенсильвания) // Greensboro 336 Гринсборо (Сев.Каролина) // Greensboro 515,641 Гринфилд (Айова) // Greenfield 901,731 Гринфилд (Теннесси) // Greenfield 860 Гротон (Коннектикут) // Groton 219 Гэри (Индиана) // Gary 912,478 Даблин (Джорджия) // Dublin 254 Даблин (Техас) // Dublin 319,563 Давенпорт (Айова) // Davenport 409,936 Дайболл (Техас) // Diboll 901,731 Дайерсберг (Теннесси) // Dyersburg 214,469 Даллас (Техас) // Dallas 409,979 Дамон (Техас) // Damon 912,478 Данвилл (Джорджия) // Danville 925,510,34 Данвилл (Калифорния) // Danville 606,859 Данвилл (Кентукки) // Danville 813,727 Дандин (Флорида) // Dunedin 919 Дарем (Сев.Каролина) // Durham 843,803 Дарлингтон (Ю.Каролина) // Darlington 225,504 Датч-Таун (Луизиана) // Dutch Town 386,407 Дебари (Флорида) // Debary 409,936 Деверс (Техас) // Devers 732,908 Дейтон (Нью-Джерси) // Dayton 409,936 Дейтон (Техас) // Dayton 904,850,38 Дейтона-Бич (Флорида) // Daytona Beach 256,205 Декейтер (Алабама) // Decatur 217 Декейтер (Иллинойс) // Decatur 319,563 Декора (Айова) // Decorah 912,478 Декстер (Джорджия) // Dexter 414,262 Делаван (Висконсин) // Delavan 740,614 Делавэр (Огайо) // Delaware 904,386 Деланд (Флорида) // Deland 661,805 Делано (Калифорния) // Delano 414,262 Делафилд (Висконсин) // Delafield 515,641 Делта (Айова) // Delta 319,563 Делхай (Айова) // Delhi 515 Де-Мойн (Айова) // Des Moines 303,72 Денвер (Колорадо) // Denver 660,816 Денвер (Миссури) // Denver 785,913 Дентон (Канзас) // Denton 914,845 Дентон (Нью-Йорк) // Denton 940 Дентон (Техас) // Denton 318,337 Де-Риддер (Луизиана) // De Ridder 313 Детройт (Мичиган) // Detroit 636,314 Дефайанс (Миссури) // Defiance 785,913 Джанкшен-Сити (Канзас) // Junction City 606,859 Джанкшен-Сити (Кентукки) // Junction City 870,501 Джаспер (Арканзас) // Jasper 904,386 Джаспер (Флорида) // Jasper 503 Джевелл (Орегон) // Jewell 516,631 Джеймспорт (Нью-Йорк) // Jamesport 701 Джеймстаун (Сев.Дакота) // Jamestown 931,615 Джеймстаун (Теннесси) // Jamestown 414,262 Джексон (Висконсин) // Jackson 225,504 Джексон (Луизиана) // Jackson 228 Джексон (Миссисипи) // Jackson 901,731 Джексон (Теннеси) // Jackson 256,205 Джексонвилл (Алабама) // Jacksonville 912,226 Джексонвилл (Джорджия) // Jacksonville 217 Джексонвилл (Иллинойс) // Jacksonville 904,85 Джексонвилл (Флорида) // Jacksonville 515,641 Дженива (Айова) // Geneva 318,337 Дженнингс (Луизиана) // Jennings 904,386 Дженнингс (Флорида) // Jennings 201 Джерси-Сити (Нью-Джерси) // Jersey City 870,501 Джефферсон (Арканзас) // Jefferson 912,478 Джефферсонвилл (Джорджия) // Jeffersonville 423,865 Джефферсон-Сити (Теннесси) // Jefferson City 423 Джонсон-Сити (Теннеси) // Johnson City 814 Джонстаун (Пенсильвания) // Johnstown 417 Джоплин (Миссури) // Joplin 940 Джоплин (Техас) // Joplin 612,952 Джордан (Миннесота) // Jordan 912,229 Джорджтаун (Джорджия) // Georgetown 512 Джорджтаун (Техас) // Georgetown 843,803 Джорджтаун (Ю.Каролина) // Georgetown 319,563 Диксон (Айова) // Dixon 623,602 Дир-Валли (Аризона) // Deervally 516,631 Дир-Парк (Нью-Йорк) // Deer Park 302 Довер (Делавер) // Dover 973,201 Довер (Нью-Джерси) // Dover 956,21 Долорес (Техас) // Dolores 319,563 Донахью (Айова) // Donahue 810,586 Драйден (Мичиган) // Dryden 319,563 Дубьюк (Айова) // Dubugue 218 Дулут (Миннесота) // Duluth 580,405 Дункан (Оклахома) // Duncan 319,563 Дьюрант (Айова) // Durant 580,405 Дьюрант (Оклахома) // Durant 956,21 Запата (Техас) // Zapata 409,979 Игл-Лейк (Техас) // Eagle Lake 636,314 Импириал (Миссури) // Imperial 606,859 Индепенденс (Кентукки) // Independence 724,412 Индиана (Пенсильвания) // Indiana 941,863 Индиан-Лейк (Флорида) // Indianlake 580,405 Инид (Оклахома) // Enid 734,313,27 Ипсиланти (Мичиган) // Ypsilanti 949 Ирвин (Калифорния) // Irvine 516,631 Ислип (Нью-Йорк) // Islip 912,478 Истмен (Джорджия) // Eastman 518 Истон (Нью-Йорк) // Easton 516,631 Истпорт (Нью-Йорк) // Eastport 414,262 Ист-Трой (Висконсин) // East Troy 860 Ист-Хамптон (Коннектикут) // East Hampton 516,631 Ист-Хамптон (Нью-Йорк) // East Hampton 860 Ист-Хартфорт (Коннектикут) // East Hartford 517,989 Итака (Мичиган) // Ithaca 914 Йонкеркс (Нью-Йорк) // Yonkers 616 Каламазоо (Мичиган) // Kalamazoo 319,563 Каламус (Айова) // Calamus 409,979 Калверт (Техас) // Calvert 414,262 Каледония (Висконсин) // Caledonia 231,616 Калкаска (Мичиган) // Kalkaska 856,609 Камден (Нью-Джерси) // Camden 901,731 Камден (Теннесси) // Camden 254 Камерон (Техас) // Cameron 912,229 Камилла (Джорджия) // Camilla 435,801 Канаб (Юта) // Kanab 913 Канзас-Сити (Канзас) // Kansas City 816 Канзас-Сити (Миссури) // Kansas City 503 Каннон-Бич (Орегон) // Cannon Beach 781,617 Кантон (Массачусетс) // Canton 254 Карлтон (Техас) // Carlton 972,469 Карролтон (Техас) // Carrollton 775,702 Карсон-Сити (Невада) // Carson City 319,563 Каскейд (Айова) // Cascade 307 Каспер (Вайоминг) // Casper 912,229 Катберт (Джорджия) // Cuthbert 712 Каунсил-Блафс (Айова) // Council Bluffs 912,229 Кейро (Джорджия) // Cairo 517,989 Кейро (Мичиган) // Caro 515,641 Кейси (Айова) // Casey 515,641 Келлогг (Айова) // Kellogg 612,763 Кембридж (Миннесота) // Cambridge 830,21 Кеннеди (Техас) // Kenedy 414,262 Кеноша (Висконсин) // Kenosha 515,641 Кент (Айова) // Kent 253,206 Кент (Вашингтон) // Kent 985,504 Кентвуд (Луизиана) // Kentwood 830,21 Кервилл (Техас) // Kerville 606,859 Керксвилл (Кентукки) // Kirksville 254 Киллин (Техас) // Killeen 440,216 Кингсвилл (Огайо) // Kingsville 361,512 Кингсвилл (Техас) // Kingsville 831,408,66 Кинг-Сити (Калифорния) // King City 231,616 Кингсли (Мичиган) // Kingsley 516,631 Кингс-Парк (Нью-Йорк) // Kings Park 781,617 Кингстон (Массачусетс) // Kingston 517,989 Кингстон (Мичиган) // Kingston 914,845 Кингстон (Нью-Йорк) // Kingston 423,865 Кингстон (Теннесси) // Kingston 318,337 Киндер (Луизиана) // Kinder 252,919 Кинстон (Сев. Каролина) // Kinston 785,913 Клайд (Канзас) // Clyde 423,865 Клакстон (Теннесси) // Claxton 541 Кламат-Фолс (Орегон) // Klamath Falls 931,615 Кларксвилл (Теннесси) // Clarksville 662,601 Кларксдейл (Миссисипи) // Clarksdale 920 Кливленд (Висконсин) // Cleveland 319,563 Клинтон (Айова) // Clinton 225,504 Клинтон (Луизиана) // Clinton 660,816 Клинтон (Миссури) // Clinton 580,405 Клинтон (Оклахома) // Clinton 423,865 Клинтон (Теннеси) // Clinton 515,641 Клир-Лейк (Айова) // Clear Lake 727,813 Клируотер (Флорида) // Clearwater 515,641 Клирфилд (Айова) // Clearfield 785,913 Клифтон (Канзас) // Clifton 254 Клифтон (Техас) // Clifton 517,989 Клиффорд (Мичиган) // Clifford 503 Кловердейл (Орегон) // Cloverdale 559,209 Кловис (Калифорния) // Clovis 860 Ковентри (Коннектикут) // Coventry 606,859 Ковингтон (Кентукки) // Covington 985,504 Ковингтон (Луизиана) // Covington 254 Ковингтон (Техас) // Covington 765,317 Кокомо (Индиана) // Kokomo 856,609 Коллингсвуд (Нью-Джерси) // Collingswood 515,641 Коллинс (Айова) // Collins 719 Колорадо-Спрингс (Колорадо) // Colorado Springs 573 Колумбия (Миссури) // Columbia 931,615 Колумбия (Теннесси) // Columbia 803 Колумбия (Ю.Каролина) // Columbia 920 Колумбус (Висконсин) // Columbus 706 Колумбус (Джорджия) // Columbus 662,601 Колумбус (Миссисипи) // Columbus 740 Колумбус (Огайо) // Columbus 409,979 Колумбус (Техас) // Columbus 802 Колчестер (Вермонт) // Colchester 860 Колчестер (Коннектикут) // Colchester 323 Коммерс (Калифорния) // Commerce 248 Коммерс (Мичиган) // Commerce 925,510,34 Конкорд (Калифорния) // Concord 978,508 Конкорд (Массачусетс) // Concord 603 Конкорд (Нью-Гэмпшир) // Concord 423,865 Конкорд (Теннесси) // Cocord 785,913 Конкордия (Канзас) // Concordia 724,412 Коннелсвилл (Пенсильвания) // Connellsville 515,641 Конрад (Айова) // Conrad 409,936 Конро (Техас) // Conroe 231,616 Корал (Мичиган) // Coral 912,229 Кордил (Джорджия) // Cordele 515,641 Корнинг (Айова) // Corning 914,845 Корнуолл (Нью Йорк) // Cornwall 909,951,75 Корона (Калифорния) // Corona 361,512 Корпус-Кристи (Техас) // Corpus Christi 949,714,65 Коста-Меса (Калифорния) // Costa Mesa 651,612 Коттедж-Гров (Миннесота) // Cottage Grove 901,731 Коттедж-Гров (Теннесси) // Cottage Grove 319,563 Креско (Айова) // Cresco 515,641 Крестон (Айова) // Creston 409,936 Крокетт (Техас) // Crockett 860 Кромуэлл (Коннектикут) // Cromwell 318,337 Кроули (Луизиана) // Crowley 850,904 Куинси (Флорида) // Quincy 912,229 Куитмен (Джорджия) // Quitman 931,615 Куквилл (Теннесси) // Cookeville 912,229 Кулидж (Джорджия) // Coolodge 254 Кулидж (Техас) // Coolidge 409,936 Кушинг (Техас) // Cushing 361,512 Куэро (Техас) // Cuero 231,616 Ладингтон (Мичиган) // Ludington 785,913 Ла-Кросс (Канзас) // La Cross 858,619 Ла-Меса (Калифорния) // La Mesa 661,805 Ланкастер (Калифорния) // Lancaster 606,859 Ланкастер (Кентукки) // Lancaster 319,562 Лансинг (Айова) // Lansing 517 Лансинг (Мичиган) // Lansing 810,586 Лапир (Мичиган) // Lapeer 660,816 Ларедо (Миссури) // Laredo 956,21 Ларедо (Техас) // Laredo 414,262 Ларсен (Висконсин) // Larsen 702 Лас-Вегас (Невада) // Las Vegas 505 Лас-Крусес (Нью-Мехико) // Las Cruces 423,865 Лаудон (Теннесси) // Loudon 765,317 Лафейетт (Индиана) // Lafayette 318,337 Лафейетт (Луизиана) // Lafayette 409,936 Лафкин (Техас) // Lufkin 920 Лебанон (Висконсин) // Lebanon 785,913 Лебанон (Канзас) // Lebanon 941,863 Лейк Уэйлс (Флорида) // Lake Wales 318,337 Лейк-Артур (Луизиана) // Lake Arthur 612,952 Лейквилл (Миннесота) // Lakeville 732 Лейквуд (Нью- Джерси) // Lakewood 517,989 Лейквью (Мичиган) // Lakeview 414,262 Лейк-Дженива (Висконсин) // Lake Geneva 912,229 Лейкленд (Джорджия) // Lakeland 914,845 Лейкленд (Нью-Йорк) // Lakeland 941,863 Лейкленд (Флорида) // Lakeland 515,641 Лейк-Миллс (Айова) // Lake Mills 941,863 Лейк-Плэсид (Флорида) // Lakeplacid 651,612 Лейк-Сити (Миннесота) // Lake City 423,865 Лейк-Сити (Теннесси) // Lake City 904,850,38 Лейк-Сити (Флорида) // Lake City 318,337 Лейк-Чарльз (Луизиана) // Lake Charles 606,809 Лексингтон (Кентукки) // Lexington 781 Лексингтон (Массачусетс) // Lexington 651,612 Лексингтон (Миннесота) // Lexington 810,586 Лексингтон (Мичиган) // Lexington 336,91 Лексингтон (Сев.Каролина) // Lexington 901,731 Лексингтон (Теннесси) // Lexington 828,704,98 Ленор (Сев.Каролина) // Lenoir 914,845 Либерти (Нью-Йорк) // Liberty 409,936 Либерти (Техас) // Liberty 515,641 Либертивилл (Айова) // Libertyville 515,641 Либерти-Сентер (Айова) // Liberty Center 985,504 Ливилл (Луизиана) // Leeville 225,504 Ливингстон (Луизиана) // Livingston 973 Ливингстон (Нью-Джерси) // Livingston 931,615 Ливингстон (Теннесси) // Livingston 409,936 Ливингстон (Техас) // Livingston 860 Лидер (Коннектикут) // Ledyard 515,641 Лиленд (Айова) // Leland 419 Лима (Огайо) // Lima 516,631 Линденхерст (Нью-Йорк) // Lindenhurst 732,908 Линдон (Нью-Джерси) // Linden 559,209 Линдси (Калифорния) // Lindsay 517,989 Линкольн (Мичиган) // Lincoln 402 Линкольн (Небраска) // Lincoln 781,617 Линн (Массачусетс) // Lynn 515,641 Лион (Айова) // Leon 912,229 Лисберг (Джорджия) // Leesburg 352 Лисберг (Флорида) // Leesburg 318,337 Лисвилл (Луизиана) // Leesville 501 Литл-Рок (Арканзас) // Little Rock 606,859 Литл-Рок (Кентукки) // Little Rock 253,206 Логан (Вашингтон) // Logan 435,801 Логан (Юта) // Logan 985,504 Локпорт (Луизиана) // Lockport 562 Лонг-Бич (Калифорния) // Long Beach 785,913 Лонгфорд (Канзас) // Longford 440,216 Лорейн (Огайо) // Lorain 515,641 Лорел (Айова) // Laurel 785,913 Лоренс (Канзас) // Lawrence 978 Лоренс (Массачусетс) // Lawrence 323 Лос-Анджелес (Калифорния) // Los Angeles 580,405 Лотон (Оклахома) // Lawton 319,563 Лоуден (Айова) // Lowden 978 Лоуэлл (Массачусетс) // Lowell 985,504 Лулинг (Луизиана) // Luling 207 Льюистон (Мэн) // Lewiston 559,209 Мадера (Калифорния) // Madera 608 Мадисон (Висконсин) // Madison 973,201 Мадисон (Нью-Джерси) // Madison 270 Мадисонвилл (Кентукки) // Madisoonville 985,504 Мадисонвилл (Луизиана) // Madisonville 409,936 Мадисонвилл (Техас) // Madisonville 305 Майами (Флорида) // Miami 912,229 Майлан (Джорджия) // Milan 901,731 Майлан (Теннесси) // Milan 319,563 Майлс (Айова) // Miles 319,563 Мак-Грегор (Айова) // Mc Gregor 931,615 Мак-Минвилл (Теннесси) // Mc.Minnville 931 Мак-Минвилл (Теннесси) // McMinnville 319,563 Макокета (Айова) // Maquoketa 636,314 Максвилл (Миссури) // Maxville 906 Макуетт (Мичиган) // Marquette 732 Малборо (Нью-Джерси) // Marlboro 914,845 Малборо (Нью-Йорк) // Marlboro 515,641 Малком (Айова) // Malcom 254 Малон (Техас) // Malone 701 Мандан (Сев.Дакота) // Mandan 985,504 Мандвилл (Луизиана) // Mandeville 940 Манди (Техас) // Munday 231,616 Манисти (Мичиган) // Manistee 920 Манитовок (Висконсин) // Manitowoc 515,641 Манли (Айова) // Manly 419 Мансфилд (Огайо) // Mansfield 785,913 Манхаттан (Канзас) // Manhattan 319,563 Манчестер (Айова) // Manchester 860 Манчестер (Коннектикут) // Manchester 636,314 Манчестер (Миссури) // Manchester 603 Манчестер (Нью-Гэмпшир) // Manchester 909,951,75 Мариетта (Калифорния) // Murrieta 740,614 Мариетта (Огайо) // Marietta 740,614 Марион (Огайо) // Marion 843 Марион (Сев.Каролина) // Marion 830,21 Марион (Техас) // Marion 254 Марлин (Техас) // Marlin 856,609 Марлтон (Нью-Джерси) // Marlton 270 Марри (Кентукки) // Murray 901,731 Мартин (Теннесси) // Martin 515,641 Мартинсберг (Айова) // Martinsburg 870,501 Маршалл (Арканзас) // Marshall 515,641 Маршалтаун (Айова) // Marshalltown 319,563 Маскатин (Айова) // Muscatine 231,616 Маскигон (Мичиган) // Muskegon 409,979 Матагорда (Техас) // Matagorda 516,631 Маттитак (Нью-Йорк) // Mattituck 612,952 Маунд (Миннесота) // Mound 517,989 Маунт-Плезант (Мичиган) // Mount Pleasant 843,803 Маунт-Плезант (Ю.Каролина) // Mount Pleasant 606,859 Маунт-Стерлинг (Кентукки) // Mount Sterling 781,617 Медфорд (Массачусетс) // Medford 912,478 Мейкон (Джорджия) // Macon 517,989 Мейсон (Мичиган) // Mason 515,641 Мейсон-Ситн (Айова) // Masoncity 901,731 Мейсон-Холл (Теннесси) // Mason Hall 318,337 Мелвилл (Луизиана) // Melville 662,601 Мемфис (Миссиссипи) // Memphis 810,586 Мемфис (Мичиган) // Memphis 901 Мемфис (Теннеси) // Memphis 601 Меридиан (Миссисипи) // Meridian 254 Меридиан (Техас) // Meridian 517,989 Меррилл (Мичиган) // Merrill 480,602 Меса (Аризона) // Mesa 912,478 Мидвилл (Джорджия) // Midville 517,989 Мидленд (Мичиган) // Midlend 516,631 Мидленд (Нью-Йорк) // Midland 860 Мидлтаун (Коннектикут) // Middletown 517,989 Мидлтаун (Мичиган) // Middleton 914,845 Мидлтаун (Нью-Йорк) // Middletown 901,731 Мидлтон (Теннесси) // Middleton 856,609 Милвилл (Нью-Джерси) // Millville 912,478 Милледжвилл (Джорджия) // Milledgeville 901,731 Милледжвилл (Теннесси) // Milledgeville 912,478 Миллен (Джорджия) // Millen 515,641 Миллертон (Айова) // Millerton 515,641 Милон (Айова) // Milton 914,845 Милтон (Нью-Йорк) // Milton 850,904 Милтон (Флорида) // Milton 414,262 Милуоки (Висконсин) // Milwaukee 248 Милфорд (Мичиган) // Milford 612,763,95 Миннеаполис (Миннесота) // Minneapolis 605 Митчелл (Ю.Дакота) // Mitchell 219 Мичиган-Сити (Индиана) // Michigan City 435,801 Моаб (Юта) // Moab 660,816 Моберли (Миссури) // Moberly 515,641 Монро (Айова) // Monroe 318 Монро (Луизиана) // Monroe 734,313,27 Монро (Мичиган) // Monroe 914,845 Монро (Нью-Йорк) // Monroe 973,201 Монтагью (Нью-Джерси) // Montague 940 Монтагью (Техас) // Montague 334 Монтгомери (Алабама) // Montgomery 914,845 Монтгомери (Нью-Йорк) // Montgomery 409,936 Монтгомери (Техас) // Montgomery 831,408,66 Монтерей (Калифорния) // Monterey 612,763 Монтиселло (Миннесота) // Monticello 914,845 Монтиселло (Нью-Йорк) // Monticello 435,801 Монтиселло (Юта) // Monticello 225,504 Монтпилиер (Луизиана) // Montpelier 912,478 Монтроз (Джорджия) // Montrose 612,763 Монтроз (Миннесота) // Montrose 810,586 Монтроз (Мичиган) // Montrose 254 Морган (Техас) // Morgan 985,504 Моргансити (Луизиана) // Morgancity 270 Моргантаун (Кентукки) // Morgantown 828,704,98 Моргантон (Сев.Каролина) // Morganton 231,616 Морли (Мичиган) // Morley 717 Моррис (Пенсильвания) // Morris 973,201 Морристаун (Нью-Джерси) // Morristown 319,563 Москоу (Айова) // Moscow 912,229 Моултри (Джорджия) // Moultrie 606,859 Мурисвилл (Кентукки) // Mooresville 856,609 Муристаун (Нью-Джерси) // Moorestown 423,865 Мэривилл (Теннесси) // Maryville 530,916 Мэрисвилл (Калифорния) // Marysville 409,936 Навасота (Техас) // Navasota 409,936 Накодочес (Техас) // Nacogdoches 503 Напа (Орегон) // Knappa 912,229 Нашвилл (Джорджия) // Nashville 615 Нашвилл (Теннеси) // Nashville 515,641 Нашуа (Айова) // Nashua 716 Ниагара-Фолс (Нью-Йорк) // Niagara Falls 504 Новый Орлеан (Луизиана) // New Orleans 515,641 Ноксвилл (Айова) // Knoxville 423,865 Ноксвилл (Теннесси) // Knoxville 985,504 Норко (Луизиана) // Norco 405 Норман (Оклахома) // Norman 612,952 Нормандейл (Миннесота) // Normandale 423,865 Норрис (Теннесси) // Norris 515,641 Нортвуд (Айова) // Northwood 414,262 Норт-Лейк (Висконсин) // North Lake 501 Норт-Литл-Рок (Арканзас) // North Little Rock 308 Норт-Плат (Небраска) // North Platte 231,616 Нортпорт (Мичиган) // Northport 516,631 Нортпорт (Нью-Йорк) // Northport 860 Норуич (Коннектикут) // Norwich 757 Норфолк (Виргиния) // Norfolk 402 Норфолк (Небраска) // Norfolk 810,586 Нью- Хейвен (Мичиган) // New Haven 973,201 Ньюарк (Нью-Джерси) // Newark 740,614 Ньюарк (Огайо) // Newark 508 Нью-Бедфорд (Массачусетс) // New Bedford 724,412 Нью-Бедфорд (Пенсильвания) // New Bedford 414,262 Ньюберг (Висконсин) // Newburg 914,845 Ньюберг (Нью-Йорк) // Newbirg 252,919 Нью-Берн (Сев.Каролина) // New Bern 901,731 Нью-Берн (Теннесси) // New Bern 732 Нью-Брансуик (Нью-Джерси) // New Brunswick 860 Нью-Бритен (Коннектикут) // New Britain 212,646 Нью-Йорк // New York City 724,412 Нью-Касл (Пенсильвания) // New Castle 860 Нью-Лондон (Коннектикут) // New London 860 Нью-Милфорд (Коннектикут) // New Milford 870,501 Ньюпорт (Арканзас) // Newport 757 Ньюпорт-Ньюс (Виргиния) // Newport News 515,641 Нью-Провиденс (Айова) // New Providence 914,845 Нью-Сити (Нью-Йорк) // New City 904,85 Нью-Смерна-Бич (Флорида) // New Smyrna Beach 515,641 Ньютон (Айова) // Newton 920 Ньютон (Висконсин) // Newton 912,229 Ньютон (Джорджия) // Newton 973,201 Ньютон (Нью-Джерси) // Newton 828,704,98 Ньютон (Сев.Каролина) // Newton 860 Ньюуингтон (Коннектикут) // Newington 515,641 Нью-Хамптон (Айова) // New Hampton 860 Нью-Харфорд (Коннектикут) // New Hartford 203 Нью-Хейвен (Коннектикут) // New Haven 318,337 Оберлин (Луизиана) // Oberlin 440,216 Оберлин (Огайо) // Oberlin 530,916 Оберн (Калифорния) // Auburn 517,989 Оберн (Мичиган) // Auburn 517,989 Овоссо (Мичиган) // Owosso 801 Огден (Юта) // Ogden 315 Огденсберг (Нью-Йорк) // Ogdensburg 915 Одесса (Техас) // Odessa 352 Окала (Флорида) // Ocala 941,863 Окичоби (Флорида) // Okeechobee 580,405 Оклахома-Сити (Оклахома) // Oklahoma City 510,341 Окленд (Калифорния) // Oakland 423,865 Ок-Ридж (Теннеси) // Oak Ridge 805 Окснард (Калифорния) // Oxnard 662,601 Оксфорд (Миссисипи) // Oxford 248 Оксфорд (Мичиган) // Oxford 912,229 Олбани (Джорджия) // Albany 860 Олд-Сейбрук (Коннектикут) // Old Saybrook 360,564 Олимпия (Вашингтон) // Olympia 940 Олни (Техас) // Olney 870,501 Омаха (Арканзас) // Omaha 402 Омаха (Небраска) // Omaha 319,563 Онслоу (Айова) // Onslow 318,337 Опелуасас (Луизиана) // Opelousas 904,386 Оранж-Сити (Флорида) // Orange City 515,641 Ориент (Айова) // Orient 516,631 Ориент (Нью-Йорк) // Orient 407,321 Орландо (Флорида) // Orlando 530,916 Оровилл (Калифорния) // Oroville 515,641 Осейдж (Айова) // Osage 515,641 Оскалуса (Айова) // Oskaloosa 517,989 Оскода (Мичиган) // Oscoda 315 Осуиго (Нью-Йорк) // Oswego 815 Оттава (Иллинойс) // Ottawa 785,913 Оттава (Канзас) // Ottawa 515,641 Оттамуа (Айова) // Ottumwa 319,563 Оттер-Крик (Айова) // Otter Creek 517,989 Оуэндейл (Мичиган) // Owendale 270 Оуэнсборо (Кентукки) // Owensboro 636,314 Офаллон (Миссури) // Ofallon 920 Ошкош (Висконсин) // Oshkosh 270 Падьюка (Кентукки) // Paducah 985,504 Пайн (Луизиана) // Pine 904,85 Палатка (Флорида) // Palatka 724 Палмер (Пенсильвания) // Palmer 941 Палметто (Флорида) // Palmetto 414,262 Палмира (Висконсин) // Palmyra 904,386 Палм-Кост (Флорида) // Palm Coast 650,764 Пало-Альто (Калифорния) // Palo Alto 904,85 Панама-Сити (Флорида) // Panama City 530,916 Парадайс (Калифорния) // Paradise 940 Парадайс (Техас) // Paradise 480,602 Парадайс-Валли (Аризона) // Paradise Valley 606,859 Парис (Кентукки) // Paris 901,731 Парис (Теннесси) // Paris 903 Парис (Техас) // Paris 414,262 Парксайд (Висконсин) // Parkside 435,801 Парк-Сити (Юта) // Park City 901,731 Парсонс (Теннесси) // Parsons 626,818 Пасадина (Калифорния) // Pasadena 503 Пасифик-Сити (Орегон) // Pacific City 228 Паскагула (Миссисипи) // Pascagoula 973,201 Патерсон (Нью-Джерси) // Paterson 985,504 Паттерсон (Луизиана) // Patterson 914,845 Паттерсон (Нью-Йорк) // Patterson 423,865 Пауэлл (Теннесси) // Powell 541 Пендлтон (Орегон) // Pendleton 409,936 Пеннингтон (Техас) // Pennington 850,904 Пенсакола (Флорида) // Pensacola 515,641 Пеория (Айова) // Peoria 309 Пеория (Иллинойс) // Peoria 912,478 Перри (Джорджия) // Perry 850,904 Перри (Флорида) // Perry 606,859 Перривилл (Кентукки) // Perryville 909,951,75 Перрис (Калифорния) // Perris 515,641 Перу (Айова) // Peru 231,616 Петоски (Мичиган) // Petoskey 517,989 Пинконнинг (Мичиган) // Pinconning 914,845 Пирмонт (Нью-Йорк) // Piermont 830,21 Пирсолл (Техас) // Pearsall 804 Питерсберг (Виргиния) // Petersburg 925,510,34 Питтсбeрг (Калифорния) // Pittsburg 225,504 Плакмин (Луизиана) // Plaguemine 914,845 Плезантвилл (Нью-Йорк) // Pleasantville 925 Плезантон (Калифорния) // Pleasanton 830,21 Плезантон (Техас) // Pleasanton 860 Плейнвилл (Коннектикут) // Plainville 203 Плейнфилд (Коннектикут) // Plainfield 515,641 Плимут (Айова) // Plymouth 920 Плимут (Висконсин) // Plymouth 612,763 Плимут (Миннесота) // Plymouth 208 Покателло (Айдахо) // Pocatello 914,845 Покипси (Нью-Йорк) // Poughkeepsie 904,386 Помона-Парк (Флорида) // Pomona Park 636,314 Понд (Миссури) // Pond 580,405 Понка-Сити (Оклахома) // Ponca City 248 Понтиак (Мичиган) // Pontiac 409 Порт-Артур (Техас) // Port Arthur 414,262 Порт-Вашингтон (Висконсин) // Port Washington 810,586 Порт-Гурон (Мичиган) // Port Huron 914,845 Порт-Джервис (Нью-Йорк) // Port Jervis 361,512 Порт-Лавака (Техас) // Port Lavaca 860 Портленд (Коннектикут) // Portland 207 Портленд (Мэн) // Portland 503,971 Портленд (Орегон) // Portland 559,209 Портревилл (Калифорния) // Porterville 740,614 Портсмут (Огайо) // Portsmuth 517,989 Порт-Хоп (Мичиган) // Port Hope 319,563 Поствилл (Айова) // Postville 612,952 Прайор- Лейк (Миннесота) // Prior Lake 435,801 Прайс (Юта) // Price 515,641 Прескотт (Айова) // Prescott 517,989 Прескотт (Мичиган) // Prescott 319,563 Престон (Айова) // Preston 912,229 Престон (Джорджия) // Preston 401 Провиденс (Род-Айленд) // Providence 801 Прово (Юта) // Provo 509 Пулмен (Вашингтон) // Pullman 719 Пуэбло (Колорадо) // Pueblo 253 Пьюаллуп (Вашингтон) // Puyallup 319,563 Райан (Айова) // Ryan 317,337 Райан (Луизиана) // Rayne 442,76 Рамона (Калифорния) // Ramona 781,617 Рандолф (Массачусетс) // Randolph 810,586 Ранкин (Мичиган) // Rankin 605 Рапид-Сити (Ю.Дакота) // Rapid City 414,626 Расин (Висконсин) // Racine 205,256 Расселвилл (Алабама) // Russellville 515,641 Расселл (Айова) // Russell 515,641 Реддинг (Айова) // Redding 530,916 Реддинг (Калифорния) // Redding 610,484 Реддинг (Пенсильвания) // Reading 781,617 Рединг (Массачусетс) // Reading 425,206 Редмонд (Вашингтон) // Redmond 775,702 Ред-Рок (Невада) // Red Rock 914,845 Ред-Хук (Нью-Йорк) // Red Hook 409,936 Рейвуд (Техас) // Raywood 425,206 Рентон (Вашингтон) // Renton 517,989 Ривердейл (Мичиган) // Riverdale 909,951,75 Риверсайд (Калифорния) // Riverside 856,609 Риверсайд (Нью-Джерси) // Riverside 856,609 Ривертон (Нью-Джерси) // Riverton 516,631 Риверхид (Нью-Йорк) // Riverhead 559,209 Ридли (Калифорния) // Reedley 775,702 Рино (Невада) // Reno 409,936 Ричардсон (Техас) // Richardson 912,229 Ричленд (Джорджия) // Richland 804 Ричмонд (Виргиния) // Richmond 510,341 Ричмонд (Калифорния) // Richmond 606,859 Ричмонд (Кентукки) // Richmond 810,586 Ричмонд (Мичиган) // Richmond 435,801 Ричфилд (Юта) // Richfield 540 Роанок (Виргиния) // Roanoke 318,337 Роанок (Луизиана) // Roanoke 252,919 Роанок-Рапидс (Сев.Каролина) // Roanoke Rapids 912,478 Роберта (Джорджия) // Roberta 724 Робинсон (Пенсильвания) // Robinson 361,512 Робстаун (Техас) // Robstown 254 Роджерс (Техас) // Rogers 810,586 Розвилл (Мичиган) // Roseville 973 Розвилл (Нью- Джерси) // Roseville 505 Розуэлл (Нью- Мехико) // Roswell 253,256 Рой (Вашингтон) // Roy 423,865 Роквуд (Теннесси) // Rockwood 252,919 Роки-Маунт (Сев.Каролина) // Rocky Mount 781,617 Рокленд (Массачусетс) // Rockland 515,641 Рокфорд (Айова) // Rockford 815 Рокфорд (Иллинойс) // Rockford 612,736 Рокфорд (Миннесота) // Rockford 860 Рок-Хил (Коннектикут) // Rocky Hill 706 Ром (Джорджия) // Rome 315 Ром (Нью-Йорк) // Rome 517,989 Роскоммон (Мичиган) // Roscommon 319,563 Рочестер (Айова) // Rochester 507 Рочестер (Минессота) // Rochester 248 Рочестер (Мичиган) // Rochester 716 Рочестер (Нью-Йорк) // Rochester 912,229 Рошелл (Джорджия) // Rochelle 517,989 Сагино (Мичиган) // Saginaw 978,508 Садбери (Массачусетс) // Sudbury 916 Сакроменто (Калифорния) // Sacramento 414,262 Салем (Висконсин) // Salem 978,508 Салем (Массачусетс) // Salem 856,609 Салем (Нью-Джерси) // Salem 503,971 Салем (Орегон) // Salem 831,408,66 Салинас (Калифорния) // Salinas 414,262 Салливан (Висконсин) // Sullivan 318,337 Салфер (Луизиана) // Sulphur 843,803 Саммервилл (Ю.Каролина) // Summerville 210 Сан-Антонио (Техас) // San Antonio 909,752 Сан-Бернардино (Калифорния) // San Bernardino 810,586 Сандаски (Мичиган) // Sandusky 912,478 Сандерсвилл (Джорджия) // Sandersville 760 Сан-Диего (Калифорния) // San Diego 361,512 Сан-Диего (Техас) // San Diego 949,714,65 Сан-Клементе (Калифорния) // San Clemente 442,76 Сан-Маркос (Калифорния) // San Marcos 512 Сан-Маркос (Техас) // San Marcos 650,764 Сан-Матео (Калифорния) // San Mateo 909,951,75 Сан-Сити (Калифорния) // San City 805 Санта-Барбара (Калифорния) // Santa Barbara 831,408,66 Санта-Круз (Калифорния) // Santa Cruz 805 Санта-Мария (Калифорния) // Santa Maria 310 Санта-Моника (Калифорния) // Santa Monica 707 Санта-Роза (Калифорния) // Santa Rosa 956,21 Санта-Роза (Техас) // Santa Rosa 505 Санта-Фе (Нью- Мехико) // Santa Fe 517,989 Санфорд (Мичиган) // Sanford 407,321 Санфорд (Флорида) // Sanford 415,628 Сан-Франциско (Калифорния) // San Francisco 408,669 Сан-Хосе (Калифорния) // San Jose 941 Сарасота (Флорида) // Sarasota 409,936 Саратога (Техас) // Saratoga 414,262 Сассекс (Висконсин) // Sussex 973,201 Сассекс (Нью-Джерси) // Sussex 860 Саутингтон (Коннектикут) // Southington 850,904 Саутпорт (Флорида) // Southport 914,845 Сафферн (Нью-Йорк) // Suffern 660,816 Седейлия (Миссури) // Sedalia 785,913 Селден (Канзас) // Selden 516,631 Селден (Нью-Йорк) // Selden 559,209 Селма (Калифорния) // Selma 901,731 Селмер (Теннесси) // Selmer 785,913 Сенека (Канзас) // Seneca 515,641 Сент Мэрис (Айова) // St Marys 516,631 Сент-Джеймс (Нью-Йорк) // St.James 517,989 Сент-Джонс (Мичиган) // St.Johns 435,801 Сент-Джордж (Юта) // St.George 409,936 Сентер (Техас) // Center 515,641 Сентервилл (Айова) // Centerville 912,478 Сентервилл (Джорджия) // Centerville 318,337 Сентервилл (Луизиана) // Centerville 314 Сент-Луис (Миссури) // St. Louis 517,989 Сент-Луис (Мичиган) // St.Louis 636,314 Сент-Питерс (Миссури) // St.Peters 727,813 Сент-Питерсберг (Флорида) // St.Petersburg 612 Сент-Пол (Миннесота) // St.Paul 515,641 Сент-Чарльз (Айова) // St Charles 636 Сент-Чарльз (Миссури) // St.Charles 941,863 Сибринг (Флорида) // Sebring 515,641 Сигурни (Айова) // Sigourney 517,989 Сидни (Мичиган) // Sidney 254 Сидни (Техас) // Sidney 256,205 Силакога (Алабама) // Sylacauga 425,206 Силвер-Лейк (Вашингтон) // Silver Lake 414,262 Силвер-Лейк (Висконсин) // Silverlake 912,229 Силвестер (Джорджия) // Sylvester 860 Симсбари (Коннектикут) // Simsbury 606,859 Синтиана (Кентукки) // Cynthiana 315 Сиракьюс (Нью-Йорк) // Syracuse 503 Сисайд (Орегон) // Seaside 206 Сиэтл (Вашингтон) // Seattle 256,205 Скотсборо (Алабама) // Scottsboro 480,602 Скотсдейл (Аризона) // Scottsdale 717 Скрантон (Пенсильвания) // Scranton 985,504 Слайделл (Луизиана) // Slidell 940 Слайделл (Техас) // Slidell 914,845 Слейт-Хилл (Нью-Йорк) // Slate Hill 516,631 Смитвилл (Нью-Йорк) // Smithville 516,631 Смиттаун (Нью-Йорк) // Smithtown 785,913 Солджа (Канзас) // Soldier 801 Солт-Лейк-Сити (Юта) // Salt Lake City 409,979 Сомервилл (Техас) // Somerville 414,262 Сомерс (Висконсин) // Somers 830,21 Сомерсет (Техас) // Somerset 912,229 Спаркс (Джорджия) // Sparks 864 Спартанберг (Ю.Каролина) // Spartanburg 509 Спокан (Вашингтон) // Spokane 914,845 Спринг-Валли (Нью-Йорк) // Spring Valley 559,209 Спрингвилл (Калифорния) // Springville 724,412 Спрингдейл (Пенсильвания) // Springdale 732,908 Спринглейк (Нью-Джерси) // Springlake 217 Спрингфилд (Иллинойс) // Springfield 606,859 Спрингфилд (Кентукки) // Springfield 225,504 Спрингфилд (Луизиана) // Springfield 413 Спрингфилд (Массачусетс) // Springfield 417 Спрингфилд (Миссури) // Springfield 937 Спрингфилд (Огайо) // Springfield 904,85 Спрингфилд (Флорида) // Springfield 319,563 Станвуд (Айова) // Stanwood 662,601 Старквилл (Миссисипи) // Starkville 860 Стаффорд (Коннектикут) // Stafford 815 Стерлинг (Иллинойс) // Sterling 970 Стерлинг (Колорадо) // Sterling 517,989 Стерлинг (Мичиган) // Sterling 612 Стиллуотер (Миннесота) // Stillwater 209 Стоктон (Калифорния) // Stockton 516,631 Стонибрук (Нью-Йорк) // Stonybrook 860 Стонингтон (Коннектикут) // Stonington 781,617 Стоутон (Массачусетс) // Stoughton 530,916 Сузанвилл (Калифорния) // Susanville 518 Сченектади (Нью-Йорк) // Schenectady 715 Сьюпириор (Висконсин) // Superior 512 Тайлер (Техас) // Taylor 253,206 Такома (Вашингтон) // Tacoma 520 Таксон (Аризона) // Tucson 256,205 Талладига (Алабама) // Talladega 850,904 Таллахасси (Флорида) // Tallahassee 931,615 Таллахома (Теннесси) // Tullahoma 918 Талса (Оклахома) // Tulsa 727,813 Тампа (Флорида) // Tampa 252,919 Тарборо (Сев.Каролина) // Tarboro 661,805 Тафт (Калифорния) // Taft 414,262 Твин-Лейкс (Висконсин) // Twin Lakes 480,602 Темпе (Аризона) // Tempe 254 Темпл (Техас) // Templ 972,469 Террелл (Техас) // Terrell 812 Терре-Хот (Индиана) // Terre Haute 985,504 Тибодо (Луизиана) // Thibodaux 503 Тилламук (Орегон) // Tillamook 319,563 Типтон (Айова) // Tipton 901,731 Типтонвилл (Теннесси) // Tiptonville 912,229 Тифтон (Джорджия) // Tifton 912,229 Томасвилл (Джорджия) // Thomasville 515,641 Томпсон (Айова) // Thompson 785,913 Топика (Канзас) // Topeka 860 Торрингтон (Коннектикут) // Torrington 231,616 Траверс-Сити (Мичиган) // Traverse City 734,313,27 Трентон (Мичиган) // Trenton 609 Трентон (Нью- Джерси) // Trenton 901,731 Трентон (Теннесси) // Trenton 440,216 Тринити (Огайо) // Trinity 409,936 Тринити (Техас) // Trinity 559,209 Три-Риверс (Калифорния) // Three Rivers 636,314 Трой (Миссури) // Troy 248 Трой (Мичиган) // Troy 518 Трой (Нью-Йорк) // Troy 901,731 Трой (Теннесси) // Troy 254 Трой (Техас) // Troy 515,641 Труро (Айова) // Truro 559,209 Туларе (Калифорния) // Tulare 435,801 Туэле (Юта) // Tooele 662,601 Тьюпело (Миссисипи) // Tupelo 901,731 Уайтвилл (Теннесси) // Whiteville 914,845 Уайт-Лейк (Нью-Йорк) // White Lake 414,262 Уайтуотер (Висконси) // Whitewater 231,616 Уайтхолл (Мичиган) // Whitehall 409,936 Уиллис (Техас) // Willis 606,859 Уиллисберг (Кентукки) // Willisburg 978,508 Уилмингтон (Массачусетс) // Wilmington 225,504 Уилсон (Луизиана) // Wilson 319,563 Уилтон (Айова) // Wilton 231,616 Уильямсберг (Мичиган) // Williamsburg 606,859 Уильямстаун (Кентукки) // Williamstown 856,609 Уильямстаун (Нью-Джерси) // Williamstown 860 Уинсор (Коннектикут) // Windsor 860 Уинсор-Локс (Коннектикут) // Windsor Locks 336 Уинстон-Сейлем (Сев.Каролина) // Winston Salem 941 Уинтер Хейвен (Флорида) // Winter Haven 606,859 Уинчестер (Кентукки) // Winchester 860 Уинчестер (Коннектикут) // Winchester 254 Уитни (Техас) // Whitney 316,62 Уичито (Канзас) // Wichita 409,936 Уоллер (Техас) // Waller 409,979 Уоллис (Техас) // Wallis 914,845 Уоллкилл (Нью-Йорк) // Wallkill 925 Уолнат-Крик (Калифорния) // Walnut Creek 781 Уолтем (Массачусетс) // Waltham 606,859 Уолтон (Кентукки) // Walton 912,229 Уорвик (Джорджия) // Warwick 914,845 Уорвик (Нью-Йорк) // Warwick 912,478 Уорнер-Робинс (Джорджия) // Warner Robins 636,314 Уоррентон (Миссури) // Warrenton 503 Уоррентон (Орегон) // Warrenton 409,979 Уоррентон (Техас) // Warrenton 319,563 Уотервилл (Айова) // Waterville 513,631 Уотер-Милл (Нью-Йорк) // Water Mill 315 Уотертаун (Нью-Йорк) // Watertown 414,262 Уотерфорд (Висконсин) // Waterford 831,408,66 Уотсонвилл (Калифорния) // Watsonville 781 Уэйкфилд (Массачусетс) // Wakefield 781,617 Уэймут (Массачусетс) // Weymouth 860 Уэстбрук (Коннектикут) // Westbrook 860 Уэст-Хартфорд (Коннектикут) // West Hartford 516,631 Фармингдейл (Нью-Йорк) // Farmingdale 860 Фармингтон (Коннектикут) // Farmington 612,952 Фармингтон (Миннесота) // Farmington 248 Фармингтон (Мичиган) // Farmington 409,979 Фейетвиилл (Техас) // Fayetteville 910 Фейетвилл (Сев.Каролина) // Fayetteville 931,615 Фейетвилл (Теннесси) // Fayetteville 319,563 Фейетт (Айова) // Fayette 636,314 Фентон (Миссури) // Fenton 515,641 Ферфилд (Айова) // Fairfield 215,267 Филaдельфия (Пенсильвания) // Philadelphia 623,602 Финикс (Аризона) // Phoenix 334 Финикс-Сити (Алабама) // Phenix City 978,508 Фитчберг (Массачусетс) // Fitchburg 904,386 Флаглер-Бич (Флорида) // Flagler Beach 520 Флагстафф (Аризона) // Flagstaff 810,586 Флинт (Мичиган) // Flint 256,205 Флоренс (Алабама) // Florence 660 Флоренс (Миссури) // Florence 254 Флоренс (Техас) // Florence 843,803 Флоренс (Ю.Каролина) // Florence 830,21 Флоресвилл (Техас) // Floresvill 914,845 Фолсберг (Нью-Йорк) // Fallsburg 606,859 Форд (Кентукки) // Ford 515,641 Форест-Сити (Айова) // Forest City 912,478 Форсайт (Джорджия) // Forsyth 970 Форт-Коллинс (Колорадо) // Fort Collins 941,863 Форт-Майерс (Флорида) // Fort Myers 256,205 Форт-Пейн (Алабама) // Fort Payne 561 Форт-Пирс (Флорида) // Fort Pierce 517,989 Фостория (Мичиган) // Fostoria 318,337 Франклин (Луизиана) // Franklin 248 Франклин (Мичиган) // Franklin 409,979 Франклин (Техас) // Franklin 856,609 Франклинвилл (Нью-Джерси) // Franklinville 785,913 Франкфорт (Канзас) // Frankfort 502 Франкфорт (Кентукки) // Frankfort 231,616 Франкфорт (Мичиган) // Frankfort 225,504 Френч (Луизиана) // French 559,209 Фресно (Калифорния) // Fresno 612,763 Фридли (Миннесота) // Fridley 515,641 Фримонт (Айова) // Fremont 231,616 Фримонт (Мичиган) // Fremont 409,979 Фрипорт (Техас) // Freeport 270 Фултон (Кентукки) // Fulton 907 Фэрбанкс (Аляска) // Fairbanks 727,813 Хадсон (Флорида) // Hudson 914,845 Хайленд (Нью-Йорк) // Highland 323 Хайленд-Парк (Калифорния) // Highland Park 336,91 Хай-Пойнт (Сев.Каролина) // Higt Point 409,936 Халл (Техас) // Hull 901,731 Хамболдт (Теннесси) // Humboldt 810,586 Хамбург (Мичиган) // Hamburg 985,504 Хаммонд (Луизиана) // Hammond 515,641 Хамптон (Айова) // Hampton 612,763 Хановер (Миннесота) // Hanover 901,731 Хантингдон (Теннесси) // Huntingdon 304 Хантингтон (Зап.Виргиния) // Huntington 516,631 Хантингтон (Нью-Йорк) // Huntington 409,936 Хантингтон (Техас) // Huntington 256,205 Хантсвилл (Алабама) // Huntsville 409,936 Хантсвилл (Техас) // Huntsville 559,209 Ханфорд (Калифорния) // Hanford 409,936 Хардин (Техас) // Hardin 956,21 Харлинген (Техас) // Harlingen 515,641 Харпер (Айова) // Harper 606,859 Харродсберг (Кентукки) // Harrodsburg 231,616 Харт (Мичиган) // Hart 414,262 Хартленд (Висконсин) // Hartland 256,205 Хартселл (Алабама) // Hartselle 414,262 Хартфорд (Висконсин) // Hartford 860 Хартфорд (Коннектикут) // Hartford 601 Хаттисберг (Миссисипи) // Hattiesburg 316 Хатчинсон (Канзас) // Hutchinson 406 Хелена (Монтана) // Helena 409,979 Хемпстед (Техас) // Hempstead 270 Хендерсон (Кентукки) // Henderson 318,337 Хендерсон (Луизиана) // Henderson 252,919 Хендерсон (Сев. Каролина) // Henderson 901,731 Хендерсон (Теннесси) // Henderson 901,731 Хенри (Теннесси) // Henry 940 Хенриетта (Техас) // Henrietta 785 Херингтон (Канзас) // Herington 409,979 Херн (Техас) // Hearne 402 Хестингс (Небраска) // Hastings 828,704,98 Хикори (Сев.Каролина) // Hickory 636,314 Хилсборо (Миссури) // Hillsboro 254 Хилсборо (Техас) // Hillsboro 254 Хилтон (Техас) // Chilton 319,563 Холи-Кросс (Айова) // Holy Cross 254 Холленд (Техас) // Holland 323 Холливуд (Калифорния) // Hollywood 662,601 Холли-Спрингс (Миссисипи) // Holly Springs 830,21 Хондо (Техас) // Hondo 612,952 Хопкинс (Миннесота) // Hopkins 270 Хопкинсвилл (Кентукки) // Hopkinsville 319,563 Хопкинтон (Айова) // Hopkinton 323 Хоторн (Калифорния) // Hawthorne 501 Хот-Спрингс (Арканзас) // Hot Springs 985,504 Хума (Луизиана) // Houma 605 Хьюрон (Ю.Дакота) // Huron 409,936 Хьюстон (Техас) // Houston 713,832 Хьюстон (Техас) // Houston 480,602 Чандлер (Аризона) // Chandler 304 Чарлстон (Зап.Виргиния) // Charleston 843,803 Чарлстон (Ю.Каролина) // Charleston 515,641 Чарльз-Сити (Айова) // Charles City 612,952 Часка (Миннесота) // Chaska 423 Чаттануга (Теннеси) // Chattanooga 978,508 Челмсфорд (Массачусетс) // Chelmsford 515,641 Челси (Айова) // Chelsea 319,563 Честер (Айова) // Chester 912,478 Честер (Джорджия) // Chester 914,845 Честер (Нью-Йорк) // Chester 409,936 Честер (Техас) // Chester 636 Честерфилд (Миссури) // Chesterfield 312,773 Чикаго (Иллинойс) // Chicago 530,916 Чико (Калифорния) // Chico 940 Чико (Техас) // Chico 940 Чилдресс (Техас) // Childress 740,614 Чилликоте (Огайо) // Chillicothe 830,21 Шарлотт (Техас) // Charlotte 414,262 Шарон (Висконсин) // Sharon 724,412 Шарон (Пенсильвания) // Sharon 901,731 Шарон (Теннесси) // Sharon 920 Шебойган (Висконсин) // Sheboygan 931 Шелбивилл (Теннеси) // Shelbyville 307 Шеридан (Вайоминг) // Sheridan 517,989 Шеридан (Мичиган) // Sheridan 256,205 Шеффилд (Алабама) // Shffield 516,631 Шорехем (Нью-Йорк) // Shoreham 409,936 Эвергрин (Техас) // Evergreen 425,206 Эверетт (Вашингтон) // Everett 661,805 Эдвардс (Калифорния) // Edwards 361,512 Эдна (Техас) // Edna 612,763,95 Экселсиор (Миннесота) // Excelsior 940 Элберт (Техас) // Elbert 724,412 Элвуд-Сити (Пенсильвания) // Ellwood City 319,563 Элджин (Айова) // Elgin 515,641 Элдон (Айова) // Eldon 515,641 Элдора (Айова) // Eldora 252,919 Элизабет-Сити (Сев.Каролина) // Elizabeth City 270 Элизабеттаун (Кентукки) // Elizabethtown 440,216 Элирия (Огайо) // Elyria 319,563 Элкадер (Айова) // Elkader 775,702 Элко (Невада) // Elko 231,616 Элк-Рапидс (Мичиган) // Elk Rapids 612,763 Элк-Ривер (Миннесота) // Elk River 580,405 Элк-Сити (Оклахома) // Elk City 517,989 Элктон (Мичиган) // Elkton 414,262 Элкхорн (Висконсин) // Elkhorn 914,845 Элленвилл (Нью-Йорк) // Ellenville 515,641 Элма (Айова) // Elma 607 Элмайра (Нью-Йорк) // Elmira 856,609 Элмер (Нью-Джерси) // Elmer 409,979 Эль-Кампо (Техас) // El Campo 915 Эль-Пасо (Техас) // El Paso 303,72 Энглвуд (Колорадо) // Englewood 972,469 Эннис (Техас) // Ennis 442,76 Энсинитас (Калифорния) // Encinitas 334 Энтерпрайз (Алабама) // Enterprise 860 Энфилд (Коннектикут) // Enfield 442,76 Эскондидо (Калифорния) // Escondido 636,314 Юнион (Миссури) // Union 607 Юнион (Нью-Йорк) // Union 517,989 Юнионвилл (Мичиган) // Unionville 914,845 Юнионвилл (Нью-Йорк) // Unionville 901,731 Юнион-Сити (Теннесси) // Union City 318,337 Юнис (Луизиана) // Eunice 636,314 Юрика (Миссури) // Eureka 785,913 Ютика (Канзас) // Utica 315 Ютика (Нью-Йорк) // Utica

Кратко о том как звонить в США

C мобильного в США из России

+ 1 [код города | код оператора] + [номер телефона]

С стационарного в США из России

8 10 1 [код города | код оператора] + [номер телефона]

С домашнего вСША из России

8 10 1 [код города | код оператора] + [номер телефона]

Из офиса в США из России

9 8 10 1 [код города | код оператора] + [номер телефона]

Важные заметки при наборе номера

• 8 — код выхода на межгородскую связь
• 10 — код выхода на международную связь
• 1 — телефонный код США
• 9 — как правило, данный код применяется для выхода на городскую связь

Инструкция на английском языке можно получить по ссылке:
how to call United States

Телефонные коды городов
США . Обратите внимание, некоторые города могут иметь несколько кодов, тогда коды указаны через запятую. Телефонные коды других стран смотрите на странице коды стран

Порядок набора телефонного номера для США (код 1 = код США)

Как позвонить в ?

С городского: 8-гудок-10-1-(код города)-(телефонный номер абонента)*

С городского (внутри страны): 8-гудок-(код города)-(телефонный номер абонента)

С мобильного: +1-(код города)-(номер телефона абонента)**

Телефонные коды штатов США список (Таблица)

Справочная таблица содержит список телефонных кодов всех штатов США.

Телефонные коды штатов США таблица

Штат США	Телефонные коды штатов США
Алабама/Alabama	205, 251, 256, 334
Аляска/Alaska	907
Аризона/Arizona	480, 520, 602, 623, 928
Арканзас/Arkansas	501, 870
Калифорния/California	209, 213, 310, 323, 408, 415, 510, 530, 559, 562, 619, 626, 650, 661, 707, 714, 760, 805, 818, 831, 858, 909, 916, 925, 949
Колорадо/Colorado	303, 719, 720, 970
Конектикут / Connecticut	203, 860
Делавер / Delaware	302
Флорида / Florida	305, 321, 352, 386, 407, 561, 727, 754, 772, 786, 813, 850, 863, 904, 941, 954
Джорджиа / Georgia	229, 404, 478, 678, 706, 770, 912
Гавайи / Hawaii	808
Айдахо / Idaho	208
Илинойс / Illinois	217, 309, 312, 618, 630, 708, 773, 815, 847
Индиана / Indiana	219, 260, 317, 574, 765, 812
Айова / Iowa	319, 515, 563, 641, 712
Канзас / Kansas	316, 620, 785, 913
Кентуки / Kentucky	270, 502, 606, 859
Луизиана / Louisiana	225, 318, 337, 504, 985
Мэн / Maine	207
Мэриленд / Maryland	240, 301, 410, 443
Массачусетс / Massachusetts	339, 351, 413, 508, 617, 774, 781, 857, 978
Мичиган / Michigan	231, 248, 313, 517, 586, 616, 734, 810, 906, 989
Минесота / Minnesota	218, 320, 507, 612, 651, 763, 952
Миссисипи / Mississippi	228, 601, 662
Миссури / Missouri	314, 417, 573, 636, 660, 816
Монтана / Montana	406
Небраска / Nebraska	308, 402
Невада / Nevada	702, 775
Нью Хемпшир / New Hampshire	603
Штат Нью-Джерси / New Jersey	201, 609, 732, 856, 908, 973
Штат Нью-Мехико / New Mexico	505
Штат Нью-Йорк / New York	212, 315, 347, 516, 518, 607, 631, 646, 716, 718, 845, 914, 917
Северная Каролина / North Carolina	252, 336, 704, 828, 910, 919, 980
Северная Дакота / North Dakota	701
Огайо / Ohio	216, 234, 330, 419, 440, 513, 614, 740, 937
Оклахова / Oklahoma	405, 580, 918
Орегон / Oregon	503, 541, 971
Пенсильвания / Pennsylvania	215, 267, 412, 484, 570, 610, 717, 724, 814, 878
Род-Айленд / Rhode Island	401
Южная Каролина / South Carolina	803, 843, 864
Южная Дакота / South Dakota	605
Теннеси / Tennessee	423, 615, 731, 865, 901, 931
Техас / Texas	210, 214, 254, 281, 361, 409, 469, 512, 682, 713, 806, 817, 830, 832, 903, 915, 936, 940, 956, 972, 979
Юта / Utah	435, 801
Вермонт / Vermont	802
Вирджиния / Virginia	276, 434, 540, 571, 703, 757, 804
Штат Вашингтон / Washington	206, 253, 360, 425, 509
Западная Вирджиния / West Virginia	304
Висконсин / Wisconsin	262, 414, 608, 715, 920
Вайоминг / Wyoming	307
Штат США	Телефонные коды штатов США