Андроид последняя версия для телефона - Большой телефонный справочник предприятий

15 августа компания Google внезапно объявила о выпуске первой стабильной версии Android 13. До этого дня пользователям были доступны лишь бета-версии операционной системы. Сейчас же все маски сняты и можно смело говорить о полноценном запуске мобильной ОС. Google успела перевыполнить план и устранить неполадки раньше положенного срока, учитывая, что Андроид 12 увидела свет лишь в октябре 2021 года, а датой выхода Андроид 13 предварительно называлось 1 сентября.

Вышла финальная версия Android 13. Что нового и кто получит первым. Android 13 предлагает новые функции персонализации, улучшение безопасности и опыта взаимодействия с экосистемными устройствами. Фото.

Android 13 предлагает новые функции персонализации, улучшение безопасности и опыта взаимодействия с экосистемными устройствами

Релиз нового Андроида знаменует собой появление новых фишек, которые ранее были недоступны в версиях для бета-тестировщиков или поставлялись в урезанном формате. Оценить Android 13 во всей красе можно уже сегодня, но, разумеется, не всем. Google традиционно поощряет вниманием обладателей своих смартфонов Pixel, вызывая зависть со стороны владельцев устройств других производителей.

❗️ ЕЩЕ БОЛЬШЕ НОВОСТЕЙ В НАШЕМ КАНАЛЕ НА ЯНДЕКС.ДЗЕН

Что нового в Android 13

При разработке тринадцатого поколения мобильной ОС упор был сделан на персонализацию. Android 13 продолжает эксплуатировать дизайн Material You и адаптирует внешний вид сторонних приложений в соответствии с темой и обоями смартфона. Таким образом, все программное обеспечение устройства сливается в единое целое, и ни одна утилита не выбивается из общего ряда.

Что нового в Android 13. Наконец-то иконки выполнены в едином стиле. Фото.

Наконец-то иконки выполнены в едином стиле

Если вы являетесь носителем нескольких языков, то вас порадует наличие функции, позволяющей выбрать язык интерфейса для каждого отдельно взятого приложения. Ранее программное обеспечение работало только на языке системы.

Что нового в Android 13. Изменить язык можно в каждом отдельно взятом приложении. Фото.

Изменить язык можно в каждом отдельно взятом приложении

Google серьезно переработала дизайн встроенного медиаплеера. Как и другие элементы интерфейса, он готов похвастать адаптивным оформлением, которое подстраивается под обложку альбома. Причем такая фишка актуальна даже при воспроизведении контента через Chrome. Наконец, в Android 13 появились дополнительные настройки темной темы, позволяющие в том числе затемнить обои. Теперь вы сможете быстрее отойти ко сну.

Что нового в Android 13. Теперь медиаплеер подстраивается под обложку альбома. Фото.

Теперь медиаплеер подстраивается под обложку альбома

Как и всегда, большое внимание в Android 13 было уделено безопасности и конфиденциальности. Так, в новой версии ОС компании Google приложению можно разрешить доступ только к одной фотографии, а не ко всей медиатеке целиком. Еще более важной выглядит функция автоматической очистки буфера обмена, если пользователь копирует конфиденциальную информацию вроде адреса электронной почты или номера телефона.

❗️ ПОСМОТРИ, КАКАЯ ГОДНОТА В НАШЕМ ТЕЛЕГРАМ-КАНАЛЕ СУНДУК АЛИБАБЫ

Последнее интересное изменение, касающееся конфиденциальности, — выдача разрешений на отправку уведомлений. В Android 13 оповещения не включаются автоматически, а пользователь сам при первом запуске ПО выбирает, стоит ли той или иной утилите тревожить хозяина своими пушами.

Что нового в Android 13. Разрешить или запретить приложению присылать уведомления теперь можно при первом запуске. Фото.

Разрешить или запретить приложению присылать уведомления теперь можно при первом запуске

Заключительная категория изменений затронула взаимодействия смартфона с остальными гаджетами вашего дома. В новой версии операционной системы появилась не только поддержка Bluetooth LE, но и пространственного звучания Spatial Audio. Андроид 13 автоматически изменяет направление звука в зависимости от поворота головы пользователя. Конечно, для работы такой функции необходимо наличие соответствующего аудиоустройства вроде беспроводных наушников Pixel Buds Pro.

При наличии Chromebook вы можете воспользоваться функцией потоковой передачи контента с одного устройства на другое. К примеру, можно выделить картинку на смартфоне, нажать кнопку «Копировать», а в качестве адресата выбрать планшет или ноутбук Google. Изображение сразу же появится на втором устройстве, и вы сможете быстро приступить к его редактированию или выполнению других задач.

Что нового в Android 13. Передавать можно не только мультимедиа, но и сообщения. Фото.

Передавать можно не только мультимедиа, но и сообщения

Конечно, это далеко не все фишки, которыми порадует Android 13. Также для новой ОС заявлена поддержка записи HDR-видео в сторонних приложениях камеры, а для планшетов Google переработана панель задач для одновременного выполнения двух действий.

Какие смартфоны получат Android 13

Начиная с 15 августа, скачать и установить Android 13 на свой телефон могут обладатели устройств Google Pixel, а именно следующих моделей:

Pixel 4;
Pixel 4a (5G);
Pixel 4 XL;
Pixel 5;
Pixel 5a;
Pixel 6;
Pixel 6a.
Pixel 6 Pro.

До конца 2022 года обновление получат обладатели смартфонов ASUS, OnePlus, Samsung, Sony, realme, vivo, Xiaomi и даже TECNO. Google не сообщает, какие именно модели могут рассчитывать на апдейт прошивки, но у нас есть материал с полным списком устройств. По опыту прошлых лет можно предположить, что до конца 2022 года обновятся только флагманские смартфоны. Остальные модели смогут обзавестись Android 13, начиная с 2023 года.

❗️ ПОДЕЛИСЬ СВОИМ МНЕНИЕМ ОБ ANDROID 13 В НАШЕМ ТЕЛЕГРАМ-ЧАТЕ

Как установить Android 13 на телефон

Если вы являетесь владельцем одного из поддерживаемых устройств Google Pixel, то можете загрузить Android 13 по воздуху, просто проверив наличие обновлений в разделе настроек «Система». В случае обнаружения апдейта нужно подтвердить его загрузку и последующую установку.

Как установить Android 13 на телефон. Обновление по воздуху выполняется в два клика. Фото.

Обновление по воздуху выполняется в два клика

Также установить обновление можно вручную, но этот вариант подойдет только тем, кто умеет пользоваться ADB (Android Debug Bridge). Краткая инструкция выглядит следующим образом:

Загрузите файл образа системы на компьютер по ссылке.
Активируйте на смартфоне отладку по USB через настройки разработчиков.
Выключите телефон.
Перейдите в режим восстановления (recovery mode), зажав кнопку питания и нижнюю качельку громкости.
Распакуйте пакет ADB на ПК и переместите в распакованную папку образ ОС.
Подключите смартфон к ПК, используя USB-кабель.
Запустите «ADB.exe» на компьютере.
Введите команду формата «adb sideload X», где вместо «X» укажите точное имя образа системы с его расширением (например, «android13.zip»).
Перезагрузите смартфон, выбрав в режиме восстановления «reboot system now».

Во всех остальных случаях настоятельно рекомендуем дождаться обновления по воздуху, чтобы не испытывать удачу с ручной установкой Android 13, которая может привести к непоправимым последствиям

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Все секреты Android 12: стоит ли обновлять смартфон на новую ОС Google

Все секреты Android 12: стоит ли обновлять смартфон на новую ОС Google — РИА Новости, 17.10.2021

Все секреты Android 12: стоит ли обновлять смартфон на новую ОС Google

Компания Google планово и без лишнего шума представила 12-ю версию мобильной операционной системы Android. Говорить о радикальном обновлении не приходится, но… РИА Новости, 17.10.2021

2021-10-17T08:00

2021-10-17T08:08

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МОСКВА, 17 окт — РИА Новости, Кирилл Каримов. Компания Google планово и без лишнего шума представила 12-ю версию мобильной операционной системы Android. Говорить о радикальном обновлении не приходится, но интересного там много. О том, что скоро получат Android-смартфоны, — в материале РИА Новости.Иной дизайнВ Google объявили о переходе к дизайн-концепции Material You. По названию легко догадаться, что разработчики вдохновлялись идеей кастомизации системы для конкретного пользователя. В Android с этим всегда было все хорошо, но в 12-й версии «корпорация добра» пошла еще дальше.Теперь в системе единое цветовое пространство. При смене обоев главного экрана ОС автоматически подстраивает под них всю цветовую гамму — от иконок быстрых настроек до подложки окон. Причем система распознает не только главные цвета снимка для обоев, но и оттенки, используя их в оформлении.Традиционно некоторые функции и решения в новую версию ОС перекочевали со сторонних оболочек производителей Android-устройств. Например, если для пользователей MIUI или ColorOS давно уже не диковинка возможность скрытия выреза под фронтальную камеру, то вот на чистом Android — это впервые.В шторке уведомлений привычные иконки заменили на увеличенные плашки. На них помещается больше информации, это явно отход от минимализма «ванильного» Android. Элементы интерфейса стали более плавными — в очередной раз Google закругляет углы. В этом смысле Android 12 следует тренду индустрии — эта мода настолько актуальна, что докатилась даже до консервативной Windows.Не ждите новых функцийА вот каких-то уникальных возможностей от Android 12 ждать не стоит — Google уже несколько лет предпочитает добавлять новые функции в свои многочисленные сервисы, но не в систему. Хотя не обошлось без интересных мелочей.Удивительно, но до 12-й версии Android не умел делать так называемые длинные скриншоты, когда снимок захватывает несколько страниц экрана. Теперь это доступно «из коробки». Впрочем, многие и так этим пользуются несколько лет — подобный скриншот умеют снимать практически все сторонние оболочки.Кое-что в Android 12 перекочевало из iOS, например возможность назначить на постукивание по корпусу разные действия или вызов приложений. В iPhone такое есть уже второй год, смартфоны же на гугловской ОС получат ограниченную поддержку расширенного взаимодействия, ведь пока оно будет доступно лишь на моделях линейки Pixel. Зато всем достанется другая функция iOS — в строке уведомлений появился индикатор того, что приложение использует микрофон или камеру.Google по традиции обещает, что новая версия Android оптимизирована лучше и работает быстрее, чем предшественница. Дескать, теперь до 22 процентов шустрее с обновлением. И владельцы смартфонов Pixel отчасти это подтверждают — синтетические тесты демонстрируют, что процессоры смартфонов ненамного, но все же стали быстрее.Безопасности много не бываетНе забыли и про общую безопасность системы и конфиденциальность пользователя. Ветер из мира ноутбуков задул и здесь — отныне можно не только запрещать программам доступ к камере или микрофону, но и отключать сенсоры через шторку. Правда, лишь на время.Вместе с этим есть доступ к расширенной статистике («Панель приватности») того, какие приложения получали доступ к сенсорам устройства за последние сутки, в том числе к камере и микрофону. Система даже подсчитает, сколько времени тот или иной софт использовал, например, данные о геолокации.Google внедряет функцию режима гибернации для софта. В настройках приложения нужно это отметить. Если апплет не запускается, стираются все временные файлы и перестают поступать от него уведомления. Эта функция поможет оптимизировать потребление системных ресурсов.Какие смартфоны получат Android 12Первыми Android 12 обрели смартфоны Pixel: от Pixel 3 до Pixel 5. Естественно, референсные модели Google работают на эталонной версии операционной системы, максимально обновленной.Android 12 достанется и смартфонам других производителей, но гораздо позже. В предварительном списке — десятки моделей от OnePlus, Xiaomi, Samsung, Oppo и realme. Большая часть этих трубок представлены в 2020-2021 годах. Так, Xiaomi обновит ОС на 11T Pro, Redmi Note 10, Poco X3 Pro, планшете Pad 5 и ряде других устройств. В случае с этим китайским производителем, новый «зеленый робот» придет к ним в виде оболочки MIUI 13.Если ваш смартфон не попал в список, не расстраивайтесь. Во-первых, рассылка апдейтов растянется до лета следующего года — может, еще и получите. Во-вторых, нового в 12-м «роботе» не так уж и много. И наконец, большинство производителей смартфонов давно используют собственные оболочки со своим дизайном. Даже если обновление к ним все-таки поступит, внешних изменений почти не будет. Энтузиасты же всегда смогут прошить подопытное устройство на ту или иную сборку, основанную на Android 12.

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технологии, apple ios, google android, google, samsung

Наука, Технологии, Apple iOS, Google Android, Google, Samsung

08:00 17.10.2021 (обновлено: 08:08 17.10.2021)

МОСКВА, 17 окт — РИА Новости, Кирилл Каримов. Компания Google планово и без лишнего шума представила 12-ю версию мобильной операционной системы Android. Говорить о радикальном обновлении не приходится, но интересного там много. О том, что скоро получат Android-смартфоны, — в материале РИА Новости.

В Google объявили о переходе к дизайн-концепции Material You. По названию легко догадаться, что разработчики вдохновлялись идеей кастомизации системы для конкретного пользователя. В Android с этим всегда было все хорошо, но в 12-й версии «корпорация добра» пошла еще дальше.

Теперь в системе единое цветовое пространство. При смене обоев главного экрана ОС автоматически подстраивает под них всю цветовую гамму — от иконок быстрых настроек до подложки окон. Причем система распознает не только главные цвета снимка для обоев, но и оттенки, используя их в оформлении.

Традиционно некоторые функции и решения в новую версию ОС перекочевали со сторонних оболочек производителей Android-устройств. Например, если для пользователей MIUI или ColorOS давно уже не диковинка возможность скрытия выреза под фронтальную камеру, то вот на чистом Android — это впервые.

В шторке уведомлений привычные иконки заменили на увеличенные плашки. На них помещается больше информации, это явно отход от минимализма «ванильного» Android. Элементы интерфейса стали более плавными — в очередной раз Google закругляет углы. В этом смысле Android 12 следует тренду индустрии — эта мода настолько актуальна, что докатилась даже до консервативной Windows.

Не ждите новых функций

А вот каких-то уникальных возможностей от Android 12 ждать не стоит — Google уже несколько лет предпочитает добавлять новые функции в свои многочисленные сервисы, но не в систему. Хотя не обошлось без интересных мелочей.

Удивительно, но до 12-й версии Android не умел делать так называемые длинные скриншоты, когда снимок захватывает несколько страниц экрана. Теперь это доступно «из коробки». Впрочем, многие и так этим пользуются несколько лет — подобный скриншот умеют снимать практически все сторонние оболочки.

Кое-что в Android 12 перекочевало из iOS, например возможность назначить на постукивание по корпусу разные действия или вызов приложений. В iPhone такое есть уже второй год, смартфоны же на гугловской ОС получат ограниченную поддержку расширенного взаимодействия, ведь пока оно будет доступно лишь на моделях линейки Pixel. Зато всем достанется другая функция iOS — в строке уведомлений появился индикатор того, что приложение использует микрофон или камеру.

Google по традиции обещает, что новая версия Android оптимизирована лучше и работает быстрее, чем предшественница. Дескать, теперь до 22 процентов шустрее с обновлением. И владельцы смартфонов Pixel отчасти это подтверждают — синтетические тесты демонстрируют, что процессоры смартфонов ненамного, но все же стали быстрее.

Чистый Android 12 можно увидеть только на Pixel

Android 12

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Чистый Android 12 можно увидеть только на Pixel

Новая шторка Android

Android 12

В Android 12 можно отследить то, как работает приложение

Android 12

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В Android 12 можно отследить то, как работает приложение

Дизайн Material You будет подстраиваться под пользователя

Android 12

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Дизайн Material You будет подстраиваться под пользователя

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Чистый Android 12 можно увидеть только на Pixel

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В Android 12 можно отследить то, как работает приложение

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Дизайн Material You будет подстраиваться под пользователя

Безопасности много не бывает

Не забыли и про общую безопасность системы и конфиденциальность пользователя. Ветер из мира ноутбуков задул и здесь — отныне можно не только запрещать программам доступ к камере или микрофону, но и отключать сенсоры через шторку. Правда, лишь на время.

Вместе с этим есть доступ к расширенной статистике («Панель приватности») того, какие приложения получали доступ к сенсорам устройства за последние сутки, в том числе к камере и микрофону. Система даже подсчитает, сколько времени тот или иной софт использовал, например, данные о геолокации.

Google внедряет функцию режима гибернации для софта. В настройках приложения нужно это отметить. Если апплет не запускается, стираются все временные файлы и перестают поступать от него уведомления. Эта функция поможет оптимизировать потребление системных ресурсов.

Какие смартфоны получат Android 12

Первыми Android 12 обрели смартфоны Pixel: от Pixel 3 до Pixel 5. Естественно, референсные модели Google работают на эталонной версии операционной системы, максимально обновленной.

Android 12 достанется и смартфонам других производителей, но гораздо позже. В предварительном списке — десятки моделей от OnePlus, Xiaomi, Samsung, Oppo и realme. Большая часть этих трубок представлены в 2020-2021 годах. Так, Xiaomi обновит ОС на 11T Pro, Redmi Note 10, Poco X3 Pro, планшете Pad 5 и ряде других устройств. В случае с этим китайским производителем, новый «зеленый робот» придет к ним в виде оболочки MIUI 13.

Если ваш смартфон не попал в список, не расстраивайтесь. Во-первых, рассылка апдейтов растянется до лета следующего года — может, еще и получите. Во-вторых, нового в 12-м «роботе» не так уж и много. И наконец, большинство производителей смартфонов давно используют собственные оболочки со своим дизайном. Даже если обновление к ним все-таки поступит, внешних изменений почти не будет. Энтузиасты же всегда смогут прошить подопытное устройство на ту или иную сборку, основанную на Android 12.

Источник

The version history of the Android mobile operating system began with the public release of the Android beta on November 5, 2007. The first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released on September 23, 2008. Android is developed by Google in which new major releases are announced at Google I/O along with its first public beta to supported Google Pixel devices and its stable version released later in the year.

Overview

The development of Android started in 2003 by Android, Inc., which was purchased by Google in 2005.^[1] There were at least two internal releases of the software inside Google and the Open Handset Alliance (OHA) before the beta version was released.^[2]^[3] The beta was released on November 5, 2007,^[4]^[5] while the software development kit (SDK) was released on November 12, 2007.^[6] Several public beta versions of the SDK were released.^[7] These releases were done through software emulation as physical devices did not exist to test the operating system. Both the operating system itself and the SDK were released along with their source code, as free software under the Apache License.^[8]

The first public release of Android 1.0 occurred with the release of the T-Mobile G1 (aka HTC Dream) in October 2008.^[9] Android 1.0 and 1.1 were not released under specific code names.^[10] The code names «Astro Boy» and «Bender» were tagged internally on some of the early pre-1.0 milestone builds and were never used as the actual code names of the 1.0 and 1.1 releases of the OS.^[11]

The project manager, Ryan Gibson, conceived using a confectionery-themed naming scheme for public releases, starting with Android 1.5 Cupcake. Google announced in August 2019 they were ending the confectionery theming scheme to use numerical ordering for future versions.^[12] The first release under the numerical order format was Android 10, which was released September 2019.

In 2017, Google announced that Google Play would begin to require apps to target a recent Android version.^[13] Since then, a new major Android version has been released in the second half of each year, and apps must target it by August 1 of the following year for new apps, or November 1 for app updates.^[14]

Name	Internal codename^[10]	Version number(s)	API level	Initial stable release date	Latest security patch date^[15]	Latest Google Play Services version^[16] (release date)
Android 1.0	—	1.0	1	September 23, 2008	—	—
Android 1.1	Petit Four	1.1	2	February 9, 2009
Android Cupcake	Cupcake	1.5	3	April 27, 2009
Android Donut	Donut	1.6	4	September 15, 2009
Android Eclair	Eclair	2.0	5	October 27, 2009
2.0.1	6	December 3, 2009
2.1	7	January 11, 2010^[17]
Android Froyo	Froyo	2.2 – 2.2.3	8	May 20, 2010	3.2.25 (October 2014)
Android Gingerbread	Gingerbread	2.3 – 2.3.2	9	December 6, 2010	10.0.84 (November 2016)
2.3.3 – 2.3.7	10	February 9, 2011
Android Honeycomb	Honeycomb	3.0	11	February 22, 2011
3.1	12	May 10, 2011
3.2 – 3.2.6	13	July 15, 2011
Android Ice Cream Sandwich	Ice Cream Sandwich	4.0 – 4.0.2	14	October 18, 2011	14.8.49 (February 2019)
4.0.3 – 4.0.4	15	December 16, 2011
Android Jelly Bean	Jelly Bean	4.1 – 4.1.2	16	July 9, 2012	21.33.56 (September 2021)
4.2 – 4.2.2	17	November 13, 2012
4.3 – 4.3.1	18	July 24, 2013
Android KitKat	Key Lime Pie	4.4 – 4.4.4	19	October 31, 2013	October 2017	22.49.13 (December 2022)
4.4W – 4.4W.2	20	June 25, 2014	?
Android Lollipop	Lemon Meringue Pie	5.0 – 5.0.2	21	November 4, 2014^[18]	November 2017
5.1 – 5.1.1	22	March 2, 2015^[19]	March 2018
Android Marshmallow	Macadamia Nut Cookie	6.0 – 6.0.1	23	October 2, 2015^[20]	August 2018
Android Nougat	New York Cheesecake	7.0	24	August 22, 2016	August 2019
7.1 – 7.1.2	25	October 4, 2016	October 2019
Android Oreo	Oatmeal Cookie	8.0	26	August 21, 2017	January 2021
8.1	27	December 5, 2017	October 2021
Android Pie	Pistachio Ice Cream^[21]	9	28	August 6, 2018	January 2022
Android 10	Quince Tart^[22]	10	29	September 3, 2019	December 2022
Android 11	Red Velvet Cake^[22]	11	30	September 8, 2020
Android 12	Snow Cone	12	31	October 4, 2021
Android 12L	Snow Cone v2	12.1^[a]	32	March 7, 2022
Android 13	Tiramisu^[24]	13	33	August 15, 2022
Android 14	Upside Down Cake^[25]	14	34	Q3 2023	—	—
Legend: Old version Older version, still maintained Latest version Future release

Version history

The following tables show the release dates and key features of all Android operating system updates to date, listed chronologically by their official application programming interface (API) levels.

Android 1.0

Android 1.0 (API 1)
Android 1.0, the first commercial version of the software, was released on September 23, 2008.^[26] The first commercially available Android device was the HTC Dream.^[27] Android 1.0 incorporated the following features:
Version	Release date	Features
1.0	September 23, 2008	Android Market, allowing application downloads and updates through the Market application. Web browser to show, zoom and pan full HTML and XHTML web pages – multiple pages show as windows («cards»).^[28]^[29] Camera support – however, this version lacked the option to change the camera’s resolution, white balance, quality, etc.^[30] Folders allowing the grouping of a number of application icons into a single folder icon on the Home screen.^[31] Access to web email servers, supporting POP3, IMAP4, and SMTP.^[29] Gmail synchronization with the Gmail application. Google Contacts synchronization with the People application. Google Calendar synchronization with the Calendar application. Google Maps with Street View to view maps and satellite imagery, as well as find local businesses and obtain driving directions using GPS.^[30] Google Sync, allowing management of over-the-air synchronization of Gmail, People, and Calendar. Google Search, allowing users to search the Internet and phone applications, contacts, calendar, etc. Google Talk instant messaging. Instant messaging, text messaging, and MMS. Media Player, enabling management, importing, and playback of media files – however, this version lacked video and stereo Bluetooth support.^[29]^[30] Notifications appear in the Status bar, with options to set ringtone, LED or vibration alerts.^[28]^[29]^[32] Voice Dialer allows dialing and placing of phone calls without typing a name or number.^[29] Wallpaper allows the user to set the background image or photo behind the Home screen icons and widgets. YouTube video player.^[33] Other applications include: Alarm Clock, Calculator, Dialer (Phone), Home screen (Launcher), Pictures (Gallery), and Settings. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth support.

Android 1.1

Android 1.1 (API 2)
On February 9, 2009, the Android 1.1 update was released, initially for the HTC Dream only. Android 1.1 was known as «Petit Four» internally, though this name was not used officially.^[11]^[34] The update resolved bugs, changed the Android API and added a number of features:^[35]
Version	Release date	Features
1.1	February 9, 2009	Details and reviews available when a user searches for businesses on Maps. Longer in-call screen timeout by default when using the speakerphone, plus the ability to show/hide the dialpad. Ability to save attachments in messages. Support added for marquee in system layouts.

Android 1.5 Cupcake

Android 1.5 Cupcake (API 3)
On April 27, 2009, the Android 1.5 update was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.27.^[36]^[37] This was the first release to officially use a codename based on a dessert item («Cupcake»), a theme used for all releases until Android Pie, with Android 10 using a number-only system. The update included several new features and UI amendments:^[38]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
1.5	April 27, 2009^[36]	Support for third-party virtual keyboards with text prediction and a user dictionary for custom words. Support for Widgets – miniature application views that can be embedded in other applications (such as the Home screen) and receive periodic updates.^[39] Video recording and playback in MPEG-4 and 3GP formats. Auto-pairing and stereo support for Bluetooth (A2DP and AVRCP profiles). Copy and paste features in web browser. User pictures shown for Favorites in Contacts. Specific date/time stamp shown for events in call log, and one-touch access to a contact card from a call log event. Animated screen transitions. Auto-rotation option. New stock boot animation. Ability to upload videos to YouTube. Ability to upload photos to Picasa. Ability to check phone usage history.^[40]	Android 1.5 home screen

Android 1.6 Donut

Android 1.6 Donut (API 4)
On September 15, 2009, Android 1.6 – dubbed Donut – was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29.^[41]^[42]^[43] Included in the update were numerous new features:^[41]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
1.6	September 15, 2009^[42]	Voice and text entry search enhanced to include bookmark history, contacts, and the web. Ability for developers to include their content in search results. Multi-lingual speech synthesis engine to allow any Android application to «speak» a string of text. Easier searching and the ability to view app screenshots in Android Market. Gallery, Camera and camcorder more fully integrated, with faster camera access. Ability for users to select multiple photos for deletion. Updated technology support for CDMA/EVDO, 802.1x, VPNs, and a text-to-speech engine. Support for WVGA screen resolutions. Speed improvements in searching and camera applications. Expanded Gesture framework and a new GestureBuilder development tool.	Android 1.6 home screen

Android 2.0 Eclair

Android 2.0 Eclair (API 5)
On October 27, 2009, the Android 2.0 SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29 and codenamed Eclair.^[44] Changes include the ones listed below.^[45]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
2.0	October 27, 2009^[46]	Expanded Account sync, allowing users to add multiple accounts to a device for synchronization of an email and contacts. Microsoft Exchange email support, with a combined inbox to browse an email from multiple accounts in one page. Bluetooth 2.1 support. Ability to tap a Contacts photo and select to call, SMS, or email the person. Ability to search all saved SMS and MMS messages, with the added ability to delete the oldest messages in a conversation automatically deleted when a defined limit is reached. Numerous new camera features, including flash support, digital zoom, scene mode, white balance, color effect and macro focus. Improved typing speed on a virtual keyboard, with a smarter dictionary that learns from word usage and includes contact names as suggestions. Refreshed browser UI with bookmark thumbnails, double-tap zoom and support for HTML5. Calendar agenda view enhanced, showing attending status for each invitee, and the ability to invite new guests to events. Optimized hardware speed and revamped UI. Support for more screen sizes and resolutions, with better contrast ratio. Improved Google Maps 3.1.2. MotionEvent class enhanced to track multi-touch events.^[47] Pressure-sensitive touch support in API, even though no according hardware existed at that time.^[48]^[49] Addition of live wallpapers, allowing the animation of home-screen background images to show movement.

Android 2.0.1 Eclair

Android 2.0.1 Eclair (API 6)

Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
2.0.1	December 3, 2009^[50]	Minor API changes, bug fixes and framework behavioral changes.

Android 2.1 Eclair

Android 2.1 Eclair (API 7)

Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
2.1	January 11, 2010^[51]^[17]	Minor amendments to the API and bug fixes.	Android 2.1 home screen

Android 2.2 Froyo

Android 2.2 Froyo (API
On May 20, 2010, the SDK for Android 2.2 (Froyo, short for frozen yogurt) was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.32.^[52]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
2.2	May 20, 2010	Speed, memory, and performance optimizations.^[53] Additional application speed improvements, implemented through JIT compilation.^[54] Integration of Chrome’s V8 JavaScript engine into the Browser application. Support for the Android Cloud to Device Messaging (C2DM) service, enabling push notifications. Improved Microsoft Exchange support, including security policies, auto-discovery, GAL look-up, calendar synchronization and remote wipe.^[55] Improved application launcher with shortcuts to Phone and Browser applications. USB tethering and Wi-Fi hotspot functionality^[56] Option to disable data access over a mobile network. Updated Market application with batch and automatic update features.^[53] Quick switching between multiple keyboard languages and their dictionaries. Support for Bluetooth-enabled car and desk docks. Support for numeric and alphanumeric passwords. Support for file upload fields in the Browser application.^[57] The browser now shows all frames of animated GIFs instead of just the first frame only. Support for installing applications to expandable memory. Adobe Flash support.^[58] Support for high-PPI displays (up to 320 ppi), such as four-inch 720p screens.^[59] Gallery allows users to view picture stacks using a zoom gesture.	Android 2.2 home screen
2.2.1	September 27, 2010^[60]	Bug fixes, security updates and performance improvements.
2.2.2	January 21, 2011^[61]	Minor bug fixes, including SMS routing issues that affected the Nexus One.^[62]
2.2.3	November 21, 2011^[63]	Two security updates.

Android 2.3 Gingerbread

Android 2.3 Gingerbread (API 9)
On December 6, 2010, the Android 2.3 (Gingerbread) SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.35.^[64]^[65] Changes included:^[64]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
2.3	December 6, 2010^[65]	Updated user interface design with increased simplicity and speed. Support for extra-large screen sizes and resolutions (WXGA and higher).^[59] Native support for SIP VoIP internet telephones. Faster, more intuitive text input on a virtual keyboard, with improved accuracy, better suggested text and voice input mode. Enhanced copy/paste functionality, allowing users to select a word by press-holding, copying, and pasting. Support for Near Field Communication (NFC), allowing the user to read an NFC tag embedded in a poster, sticker, or advertisement. New audio effects such as reverb, equalization, headphone virtualization, and bass boost. New Download Manager, giving users easy access to any file downloaded from the browser, email, or another application. Support for multiple cameras on the device, including a front-facing camera, if available. Support for WebM/VP8 video playback, and AAC audio encoding. Improved power management with a more active role in managing applications that are keeping the device awake for too long. Enhanced support for native code development. Switched from YAFFS to ext4 on newer devices.^[66]^[67] Audio, graphical, and input enhancements for game developers. Concurrent garbage collection for increased performance. Native support for more sensors (such as gyroscopes and barometers). First Android version to feature an Easter egg. It was an image of the Bugdroid standing next to a zombie gingerbread man, with many more zombies in the background.	Android 2.3 home screen
2.3.1	December 22, 2010^[68]	Improvements and bug fixes for the Nexus S.
2.3.2	January 21, 2011^[69]	Improvements and bug fixes for the Nexus S.

Android 2.3.3 Gingerbread

Android 2.3.3 Gingerbread (API 10)

Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
2.3.3	February 9, 2011^[70]	Several improvements and API fixes.^[71]
2.3.4	April 28, 2011^[72]	Support for voice or video chat using Google Talk.^[73] Open Accessory Library support. Open Accessory was introduced in 3.1 (Honeycomb) but the Open Accessory Library grants 2.3.4 added support when connecting to a USB peripheral with compatible software and a compatible application on the device.^[74] Switched the default encryption for SSL from AES256-SHA to RC4-MD5.^[75]^[76] Fixed a spontaneous reboot on Samsung Galaxy S Plus.
2.3.5	July 25, 2011^[77]	Improved network performance for the Nexus S 4G, among other fixes and improvements. Fixed a Bluetooth bug on Samsung Galaxy S. Fixed a Wi-Fi crash on Samsung Galaxy S Plus. Improved the Gmail application. Shadow animations for list scrolling. Camera software enhancements.^[78] Improved battery efficiency.
2.3.6	September 2, 2011^[79]	Fixed a voice search bug.^[b]
2.3.7	September 21, 2011	Google Wallet support for the Nexus S 4G.

Android 3.0 Honeycomb

Android 3.0 Honeycomb (API 11)
On February 22, 2011, the Android 3.0 (Honeycomb) SDK – the first tablet-only Android update – was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.36.^[82]^[83]^[84]^[85] The first device featuring this version, the Motorola Xoom tablet, was released on February 24, 2011.^[86] The update’s features included:^[82]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
3.0	February 22, 2011^[84]	Optimized tablet support with a new “holographic” user interface (removed again the following year with version 4.2).^[87] New Easter egg, an image of a Tron-themed bumblebee. Added System Bar, featuring quick access to notifications, status, and soft navigation buttons, available at the bottom of the screen. Added the Action Bar, giving access to contextual options, navigation, widgets, or other types of content at the top of the screen. Simplified multitasking – tapping Recent Applications in the System Bar allows users to see snapshots of the tasks underway and quickly jump from one application to another. Redesigned the keyboard, making typing fast, efficient and accurate on larger screen sizes Simplified, more intuitive copy/paste interface. Multiple browser tabs replacing browser windows, plus form auto-fill and a new “incognito” mode allowing somewhat anonymous browsing. Quick access to camera exposure, focus, flash, zoom, front-facing camera, time-lapse, and other camera features. Ability to view albums and other collections in full-screen mode in Gallery, with easy access to thumbnails for other photos. New two-pane Contacts UI and Fast Scroll to let users easily organize and locate contacts. New two-pane Email UI to make viewing and organizing messages more efficient, allowing users to select one or more messages. Hardware acceleration. Support for multi-core processors. Ability to encrypt all user data. HTTPS stack improved with Server Name Indication (SNI). Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE; kernel module). Disallows applications from having to write access to secondary storage (memory cards on devices with internal primary storage) outside of designated, application-specific directories. Full access to primary internal storage is still allowed through a separate application-level permission.^[88]^[89]	Android 3.0 home screen

Android 3.1 Honeycomb

Android 3.1 Honeycomb (API 12)

Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
3.1	May 10, 2011^[90]	UI refinements. Connectivity for USB accessories (USB On-The-Go). Expanded Recent Applications list. Resizable Home screen widgets. Support for external keyboards and pointing devices. Support for joysticks and gamepads. Support for FLAC audio playback.^[91]^[92] High-performance Wi-Fi lock, maintaining high-performance Wi-Fi connections when the device screen is off. Support for HTTP proxy for each connected Wi-Fi access point.

Android 3.2 Honeycomb

Android 3.2 Honeycomb (API 13)

Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
3.2	July 15, 2011^[93]	Improved hardware support, including optimizations for a wider range of tablets. Increased ability of applications to access files on the SD card, e.g. for synchronization. Compatibility display mode for applications that have not been optimized for tablet screen resolutions. New display support functions, giving developers more control over display appearance on different Android devices.^[94]
3.2.1	September 20, 2011	Bug fixes and minor security, stability and Wi-Fi improvements. Update to Android Market with automatic updates and easier-to-read Terms and Conditions text. Update to Google Books. Improved Adobe Flash support in browser. Improved Chinese handwriting prediction.
3.2.2	September 30, 2011	Bug fixes and other minor improvements for the Motorola Xoom 4G.
3.2.4	December 15, 2011	Pay As You Go for 3G and 4G tablets.
3.2.6	February 15, 2012	Fixed data connectivity issues when coming out of Airplane mode on the US 4G Motorola Xoom.

Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich

Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich (API 14)
The SDK for Android 4.0.1 (Ice Cream Sandwich), based on Linux kernel 3.0.1,^[95] was publicly released on October 19, 2011.^[96] Google’s Gabe Cohen stated that Android 4.0 was «theoretically compatible» with any Android 2.3.x device in production at that time.^[97] The source code for Android 4.0 became available on November 14, 2011.^[98] Ice Cream Sandwich was the last version to officially support Adobe Systems’ Flash player.^[99] The update introduced numerous new features:^[100]^[101]^[102]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
4.0	October 18, 2011^[100]	Major refinements to the «Holo» interface with the new Roboto font family. Soft buttons from Android 3.x are now available for use on phones. Separation of widgets in a new tab, listed in a similar manner to applications. Easier-to-create folders, with a drag-and-drop style. Improved visual voicemail with the ability to speed up or slow down voicemail messages. Pinch-to-zoom functionality in the Calendar. Integrated screenshot capture (accomplished by holding down the Power and Volume-Down buttons). Improved error correction on the keyboard. Ability to access applications directly from the lock screen. Improved copy-and-paste functionality. Better voice integration and continuous, real-time speech-to-text dictation. Face Unlock, a feature that allows users to unlock handsets using facial recognition software.^[87] Automatic syncing of browser with users’ Chrome bookmarks. Data Usage section in settings that lets users set warnings when they approach a certain usage limit, and disable data use when the limit is exceeded. Ability to shut down applications from the recent apps list with a swipe.^[103] Improved camera application with zero shutter lag, time lapse settings, panorama mode, and the ability to zoom while recording. Built-in photo editor. New gallery layout, organized by location and person. Refreshed the «People» application with social network integration, status updates and hi-res images. Android Beam, a near-field communication feature allowing the rapid short-range exchange of web bookmarks, contact info, directions, YouTube videos and other data.^[87] Support for the WebP image format.^[91] Hardware acceleration of the UI.^[104] Wi-Fi Direct.^[105] 1080p video recording for stock Android devices. Android VPN Framework (AVF), and TUN (but not TAP) kernel module. Prior to 4.0, VPN software required a rooted Android device.	Android 4.0 home screen
4.0.1	October 19, 2011	Fixed minor bugs for the Samsung Galaxy Nexus.
4.0.2	November 28, 2011	Fixed minor bugs on the Verizon Galaxy Nexus, the US launch of which was later delayed until December 2011.^[c]

Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich

Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich (API 15)

Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
4.0.3	December 16, 2011^[108]	Numerous bug fixes and optimizations. Improvements to graphics, databases, spell-checking and Bluetooth functionality. New APIs for developers, including a social stream API in the Contacts provider. Calendar provider enhancements. New camera applications enhancing video stabilization and QVGA resolution. Accessibility refinements such as improved content access for screen readers.^[109]
4.0.4	March 28, 2012	Stability improvements. Better camera performance. Smoother screen rotation. Improved phone number recognition.^[110]

Android 4.1 Jelly Bean

Android 4.1 Jelly Bean (API 16)
Google announced Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean) at the Google I/O conference on June 27, 2012. Based on Linux kernel 3.0.31, Jelly Bean was an incremental update with the primary aim of improving the functionality and performance of the user interface. The performance improvement involved «Project Butter», which uses touch anticipation, triple buffering, extended vsync timing and a fixed frame rate of 60 fps to create a fluid and «buttery-smooth» UI.^[111] Android 4.1 Jelly Bean was released to the Android Open Source Project on July 9, 2012,^[112] and the Nexus 7 tablet, the first device to run Jelly Bean, was released on July 13, 2012.
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
4.1	July 9, 2012	Smoother user interface: Vsync timing across all drawing and animation done by the Android framework, including application rendering, touch events, screen composition and display refresh. Triple buffering in the graphics pipeline. CPU input boost. Synchronizing touch to vsync timing. Enhanced accessibility. Bi-directional text and other language support. User-installable keyboard maps. Expandable notifications. TLS v1.1 and v1.2 support added. Ability to turn off notifications on an application-specific basis. Shortcuts and widgets can automatically be re-arranged or re-sized to allow new items to fit on home screens. Bluetooth data transfer for Android Beam. Tablets with smaller screens now use an expanded version of the interface layout and home screen used by phones.^[113] Improved camera application. Multichannel audio.^[111] The Fraunhofer FDK AAC codec becomes standard in Android, adding AAC 5.1 channel encoding/decoding. USB audio (for external sound DACs).^[111] Audio chaining (also known as gapless playback).^[111]^[114]^[115] Ability for other launchers to add widgets from the application drawer without requiring root access.	Android 4.1 home screen
4.1.1	July 9, 2012^[116]	Fixed a bug on the Nexus 7 regarding the inability to change screen orientation in any application.
4.1.2	October 9, 2012^[117]	Lock/home screen rotation support.^[118] One-finger gestures to expand/collapse notifications.^[119] Bug fixes and performance enhancements.

Android 4.2 Jelly Bean

Android 4.2 Jelly Bean (API 17)
Google was expected to announce Jelly Bean 4.2 at an event in New York City on October 29, 2012, but the event was cancelled due to Hurricane Sandy.^[120] Instead of rescheduling the live event, Google announced the new version with a press release, under the slogan «A new flavor of Jelly Bean». Jelly Bean 4.2 was based on Linux kernel 3.4.0, and debuted on Google’s Nexus 4 and Nexus 10, which were released on November 13, 2012.^[121]^[122]
Version	Release date	Features
4.2	November 13, 2012^[123]	Lock screen improvements, including widget support (removed again in 2014)^[87] and the ability to swipe directly to the camera.^[124] Notification power controls («Quick Settings»). «Daydream» screensavers, showing information when idle or docked (later renamed to «screen saver» following the launch of the unrelated Google Daydream VR platform in 2016).^[87] Multiple user accounts (tablets only). Rewritten Bluetooth stack, switching from Bluez to Broadcom open source BlueDroid,^[125] allowing improved support for multiple displays and wireless display (Miracast). Native right-to-left, always-on VPN and application verification.^[126] A new NFC stack was added at the same time.^[125] Accessibility improvements: triple-tap to magnify the entire screen, pan and zoom with two fingers. Speech output and Gesture Mode navigation for blind users. New clock application with a built-in world clock, stop watch and timer. All devices now use the same interface layout, previously adapted from phones on 4.1 for smaller tablets (with centered software buttons, the system bar at the top of the screen, and a home screen with a dock and centered application menu), regardless of screen size. Increased number of extended notifications and Actionable Notifications for more applications, allowing users to respond to certain notifications within the notification bar and without launching the application directly. SELinux support. Premium SMS confirmation.^[127] Group Messaging support.
4.2.1	November 27, 2012^[128]^[129]	Fixed a bug in the People application where December was not displayed on the date selector when adding an event to a contact.^[130] Added Bluetooth gamepads and joysticks as supported HIDs (Human interface devices).
4.2.2	February 11, 2013^[131]	Fixed Bluetooth audio streaming bugs.^[132] Long-pressing the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth icons in Quick Settings now toggles the on/off state. New download notifications, which now show the percentage and estimated time remaining for active application downloads. New sounds for wireless charging and low battery. New Gallery application animation allows faster loading. USB debug whitelist. Bug fixes and performance enhancements.

Android 4.3 Jelly Bean

Android 4.3 Jelly Bean (API 18)
Google released Jelly Bean 4.3 under the slogan «An even sweeter Jelly Bean» on July 24, 2013, during an event in San Francisco called «Breakfast with Sundar Pichai». Most Nexus devices received the update within a week, although the second-generation Nexus 7 tablet was the first device to officially ship with it.^[133] A minor bug fix update was released on August 22, 2013.^[134]
Version	Release date	Features
4.3	July 24, 2013^[135]	Bluetooth Low Energy support.^[136] Bluetooth Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP) 1.3 support. OpenGL ES 3.0 support, allowing improved game graphics.^[136] Restricted access mode for new user profiles.^[136] Filesystem performance improvement by running the fstrim command while a device is idle.^[137] Dial pad auto-complete in the Phone application.^[136] Volume for incoming calls (ringtone) and notification alerts is no longer adjustable separately. Improvements to Photo Sphere.^[138] Reworked camera UI, previously introduced on Google Play edition phones.^[139] Addition of «App Ops», a fine-grained application permissions control system (hidden by default).^[140] SELinux enabled by default. 4K resolution support.^[141] Numerous security updates, performance enhancements, and bug fixes.^[142] System-level support for geofencing and Wi-Fi scanning APIs. Background Wi-Fi location still runs even when Wi-Fi is turned off. Developer logging and analyzing enhancements. Added support for five more languages. Changed digital rights management (DRM) APIs. Right-to-left (RTL) languages now supported.^[136] Clock in the status bar disappears if it is selected as a lockscreen widget. Native emoji support.^[143]
4.3.1	October 3, 2013^[144]	Bug fixes and small tweaks for the Nexus 7 LTE.^[145]

Android 4.4 KitKat

Android 4.4 KitKat (API 19)
Google announced Android 4.4 KitKat on September 3, 2013. Although initially under the «Key Lime Pie» («KLP») codename, the name was changed because «very few people actually know the taste of a key lime pie.»^[146] Some technology bloggers also expected the «Key Lime Pie» release to be Android 5.^[147] KitKat debuted on Google’s Nexus 5 on October 31, 2013, and was optimized to run on a greater range of devices than earlier Android versions, having 512 MB of RAM as a recommended minimum; those improvements were known as «Project Svelte» internally at Google.^[148] The required minimum amount of RAM available to Android is 340 MB, and all devices with less than 512 MB of RAM must report themselves as «low RAM» devices.^[149]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
4.4	October 31, 2013^[150]^[151]	Refreshed interface with white elements instead of blue. Clock no longer shows bold hours; all digits are thin. The H, M, and S markings for the stopwatch and timer have been removed, leaving just the numbers. Ability for applications to trigger translucency in the navigation and status bars.^[152] Ability for applications to use «immersive mode» to keep the navigation and status bars hidden while maintaining user interaction.^[153] Action overflow menu buttons are always visible, even on devices with a «Menu» key, which was officially deprecated by Android 4.0.^[154] Write access disabled for user-installed applications on external storage (i.e. MicroSD), except for their own directories inside `Android/data`.^[155]^[156] Purging of app data directories in user storage (internal user storage and MicroSD) upon uninstallation^[156] Optimizations for performance on devices with lower specifications, including zRAM support and «low RAM» device API.^[148] Wireless printing capability.^[148] NFC host card emulation, enabling a device to replace smart cards.^[148] WebViews are now based on the Chromium engine (feature parity with Chrome for Android 30). Expanded functionality for notification listener services.^[148] Public API for developing and managing text messaging clients.^[157] Storage Access Framework, an API allowing apps to retrieve files in a consistent manner. As part of the framework, a new system file picker allows users to access files from various sources (including those exposed by apps, such as online storage services).^[88] New framework for UI transitions. Sensor batching, step detector and counter APIs.^[148] Settings application now makes it possible to select default text messaging and the home (launcher) application. Audio tunneling, audio monitoring and loudness enhancer.^[158] Built-in screen recording feature (primarily for developers, as usage of ADB is required).^[159] Native infrared blaster API. Verified boot. Enforcing SELinux. Expanded accessibility APIs and system-level closed captioning settings. Android Runtime (ART) introduced as a new experimental application runtime environment, not enabled by default, as a replacement for the Dalvik virtual machine.^[160] Bluetooth Message Access Profile (MAP) support.^[161] Disabled access to battery statistics by third-party applications.^[162] Settings application no longer uses a multi-pane layout on devices with larger screens. Wi-Fi and mobile data activity (TX/RX) indicators are moved to quick settings.^[163] Disables text wrapping in the WebView browser component.^[164]	Android 4.4 home screen
4.4.1	December 5, 2013^[165]^[166]	Better application compatibility for the experimental Android Runtime (ART). Camera application now loads Google+ Photos instead of Gallery when swiping away from the camera view. Miscellaneous improvements and bug fixes.
4.4.2	December 9, 2013^[167]	Further security enhancements and bug fixes. Removal of the «App Ops» application permissions control system, introduced in Android 4.3.^[168]
4.4.3	June 2, 2014^[169]^[170]	Refreshed the Dialer app’s interface.^[171] Updated the Chromium-based WebView to version 33 (screencasting to DevTools, HTML5 Canvas hardware acceleration performance improvements, vibration API, HTML5 form validation, and an HTML5 datalist).^[172] Miscellaneous improvements and bug fixes.
4.4.4	June 19, 2014^[173]	CVE-2014-0224 fixed, eliminating an OpenSSL man-in-the-middle vulnerability.^[174]

Android 4.4W KitKat, with wearable extensions

Android 4.4W KitKat, with wearable extensions (API 20)
On June 24, 2014, a version of Android KitKat exclusive to Android Wear devices was released.
Version	Release date	Features
4.4W^[175]	June 25, 2014^[176]	Initial release of the Android Wear platform for smartwatches: the same as Android 4.4 «KitKat», but with wearable extensions added.
4.4W.1	September 6, 2014^[177]	UI updates for Google Maps navigation and alarms.
4.4W.2	October 21, 2014^[178]	Offline music playback. GPS support.

Android 5.0 Lollipop

Android 5.0 Lollipop (API 21)
Android 5.0 «Lollipop» was unveiled under the codename «Android L» on June 25, 2014, during Google I/O. It became available as an official over-the-air (OTA) update on November 12, 2014, for select devices that run distributions of Android serviced by Google, including Nexus and Google Play edition devices. Its source code was made available on November 3, 2014.^[179]^[180] Lollipop features a redesigned user interface built around a responsive design language referred to as «material design». Other changes include improvements to the notifications, which can be accessed from the lockscreen and displayed within applications as top-of-the-screen banners. Furthermore, Google made internal changes to the platform, with the Android Runtime (ART) officially replacing Dalvik for improved application performance, and with changes intended to improve and optimize battery usage, known internally as Project Volta.^[181]^[182]^[183]^[184]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
5.0^[185]	November 4, 2014^[18]	Android Runtime (ART) with ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation and improved garbage collection (GC), replacing Dalvik that combines bytecode interpretation with trace-based just-in-time (JIT) compilation.^[185]^[186] Support for 64-bit CPUs. OpenGL ES 3.1 and Android Extension Pack (AEP) on supported GPU configurations. Recent activities screen with tasks instead of applications, up to a configured maximum of tasks per application. Vector drawables, which scale without losing definition. Support for print previews. Material design, bringing a restyled user interface and “ripple effect” for buttons. Refreshed lock screen, no longer supporting widgets.^[187] Refreshed notification tray and quick settings pull-down. Project Volta, for battery life improvements. Searches can be performed within the system settings for quicker access to particular settings. Lock screen provides shortcuts to application and notification settings.^[188] Guest logins and multiple user accounts are available on more devices, such as phones.^[189] Audio input and output through USB devices. Third-party applications regain the ability to read and modify data located anywhere on external storage, such as on SD cards. However, those must be adapted to the storage access framework of Android API level 21 or higher.^[190]^[191] Pinning of an application’s screen for restricted user activity.^[188] Recently used applications are remembered even after restarting the device.^[188] WebViews receive updates independently through Google Play for security reasons, instead of relying on system-wide vendor updates.^[192] Addition of 15 new languages: Basque, Bengali, Burmese, Chinese (Hong Kong), Galician, Icelandic, Kannada, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Sinhala, Tamil and Telugu.^[193] Tap and Go allows users to quickly migrate to a new Android device, using NFC and Bluetooth to transfer Google Account details, configuration settings, user data and installed applications.^[188] A flashlight-style application is included, working on supported devices with a camera flash.^[188] User-customizable priorities for application notifications.^[194] Smart lock feature.^[195] SELinux in enforcing mode for all domains. Updated emoji.^[196] Improved accessibility support (e.g. switch access support).^[197] Block-based over-the-air (OTA) updates for new devices.^[198] Task listing access disabled for third-party applications.	Android 5.0 home screen
5.0.1	December 2, 2014^[199]	A few bug fixes, including resolving issues with video playback and password failures handling.
5.0.2	December 19, 2014^[23]	Fixes a bug with TRIM support (introduced in Version 4.3), which prevented devices from running on-charger cleanups of file system allocations if the device was turned off at midnight, or if it was charged only when in use.^[200] Changes how alarms wake the CPU, and how alarms compete for system resources.^[201]

Android 5.1 Lollipop

Android 5.1 Lollipop (API 22)

Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
5.1	March 2, 2015^[19]	Improvements and bug fixes to the Overview screen. Ability to join Wi-Fi networks and control paired Bluetooth devices from quick settings. Official support for multiple SIM cards.^[202] Device protection: if a device is lost or stolen it will remain locked until the owner signs into their Google account, even if the device is reset to factory settings. High-definition voice calls, available between compatible 4G LTE devices running Android 5.1.^[202] Improvements to the notification priority system, to more closely replicate the silent mode that was removed from Android 5.0.^[203]
5.1.1	April 20, 2015^[204]^[205]	Various bug fixes^[205] Native Wi-Fi calling support.^[206]

Android 6.0 Marshmallow

Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API 23)
Android 6.0 «Marshmallow» was unveiled under the codename «Android M» during Google I/O on May 28, 2015, for the Nexus 5 and Nexus 6 phones, Nexus 9 tablet, and Nexus Player set-top box, under the build number MPZ44Q.^[207] The third developer preview (MPA44G) was released on August 17, 2015 for the Nexus 5, Nexus 6, Nexus 9 and Nexus Player devices,^[208] and was updated to MPA44I that brought fixes related to Android for Work profiles.^[209]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
6.0	October 2, 2015^[20]^[210]	Precluded rudimentary file manager (package name: `com.android.documentsui`), accessible from storage settings.^[211] Memory card mounted to `/storage/????-????/` rather than `/storage/extSdCard/`, with a hexadecimal volume serial number in place of the wildcard the question marks.^[212] Contextual search from keywords within apps.^[213] Introduction of Doze mode, which reduces CPU speed while the screen is off in order to save battery life.^[214] App Standby feature. Alphabetically accessible vertical application drawer.^[215] Application search bar and favorites. Native fingerprint reader support. Direct Share feature for target-specific sharing between apps.^[216] Renamed «Priority» mode to «Do Not Disturb» mode. App Linking for faster instinctive opening of links with corresponding applications.^[217]^[218] Larger Application folders with multiple pages. Post-install/run-time permission requests. USB-C support. Demo Mode feature for screenshot-capture usage.^[219] Automatic full data backup and restore for apps.^[220] 4K display mode for apps.^[221] Adoptable External storage to behave like Internal Storage.^[222]^[223] MIDI support for musical instruments.^[224] Experimental multi-window feature.^[225]^[226] Support for actions by third-party apps in the text selection menu.^[87] App permissions now granted individually at run-time, not all-or-nothing at install time. Similar to App Ops.^[227] Miracast support dropped.^[87] Many new essential commands supported by Android’s Linux shell (/bin/sh). No screen rotation during touch.	Android 6.0 home screen
6.0.1	December 7, 2015^[228]	Unicode 7.0 & 8.0 emoji support.^[229] Descriptions for USB connection options. Double-press the power button to open the camera.

Android 7.0 Nougat

Android 7.0 Nougat (API 24)
Android «Nougat» (codenamed N in-development) is the seventh major release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on March 9, 2016, with factory images for supported Nexus devices, as well as with the new «Android Beta Program» which allows supported devices to be upgraded directly to the Android Nougat beta via an over-the-air update. The final release was on August 22, 2016. The final preview build was released on July 18, 2016,^[230] with the build number NPD90G.
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
7.0	August 22, 2016^[231]	Support for file-based encryption.^[232] Unicode 9.0 emoji and skin tone modifier support (and exposes a subset of ICU4J APIs).^[233] Ability to display color calibration. Ability to zoom in the screen. Ability to switch to the last opened app by double-tapping the overview button. Added an Emergency information part. Added the «Clear All» button to the Overview screen. Another system partition, which gets updated when not in use, allowing for seamless system updates. Daydream virtual reality platform (VR interface). Improved Doze functionality, which aims to prolong battery life. Improvements to the file browser. Ability to move files added to Storage Access Framework^[234] More Quick Settings options. Multi-window support, which supports floating apps on a desktop layout. New Data Saver mode, which can force apps to reduce bandwidth usage. New JIT Compiler, making for 75 percent faster app installations and a 50 percent reduction in compiled code size. Just in Time (JIT) compiler with code profiling to ART, which lets it constantly improve the performance of Android apps as they run.^[235] Picture-in-picture support for Android TV. Redesigned notification shade, featuring instant access to certain settings. Redesigned Overview screen. Replaced notification cards with notification sheets. Settings app navigation drawer. Vulkan 3D rendering API. Multiple Device Locales^[236] Discontinuation of Android Camera V1 API^[237] Restricted file system access^[238]	Android 7.0 home screen

Android 7.1 Nougat

Android 7.1 Nougat (API 25)
On October 19, 2016, Google released Android 7.1.1 as a developer preview for the Nexus 5X, Nexus 6P and the Pixel C. A second preview became available on November 22, 2016, before the final version was released to the public on December 5, 2016.
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
7.1	October 4, 2016^[239]	Rearranged notification shade. «Restart» option added to power button menu^[240] Touch/display performance improvements. Moves (Fingerprint swipe down gesture – opt-in). Opt-in with new hardware required: Seamless A/B system updates. Daydream VR mode. Developer features: Shortcut manager APIs. Circular app icons support. Keyboard image insertion. Fingerprint sensor gesture to open/close notification shade. Manual storage manager Intent for apps. Improved VR thread scheduling. Enhanced wallpaper metadata. Multi-endpoint call support. Support for various MNO requirements. PCDMA voice privacy property. Source type support for Visual Voicemail. Carrier config options for managing telephone videos. Manual storage manager – identifies files and apps using storage.	Android 7.1 home screen
7.1.1^[241]	December 1, 2016^[242]	New set of emojis adding different skin tones and haircuts to existing ones. Send GIFs directly from the default keyboard. App shortcuts: Launch actions on apps by long-pressing the app icon. Developer Options: Show CPU Usage feature removed.
7.1.2^[243]^[244]	April 2, 2017^[245]	Battery usage alerts.

Android 8.0 Oreo

Android 8.0 Oreo (API 26)
Android Oreo is the eighth major release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview, codenamed Android O, on March 21, 2017, with factory images for supported Nexus and Pixel devices. The final developer preview was released on July 24, 2017, with the stable version released in August 2017.
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
8.0^[246]	August 21, 2017	Project Treble, the biggest change to the foundations of Android to date: a modular architecture that makes it easier and faster for hardware makers to deliver Android updates. Picture-in-picture support. Support for Unicode 10.0 emoji (5.0) and replacement of all blob-shaped emojis by round ones with gradients and outlines. Redesigned Quick Settings and Settings with a white background and respectively black and Accent font colors. Restructured Settings by regrouping sections into similar entries. Adaptive icons Notification improvements. Notification channels. Notification dots (badges). Notification snoozing. Notification shade multi-colors (for music album art, messengers, etc.). System-wide Autofill framework. Support for AAC, Sony’s LDAC and Qualcomm’s aptX and aptX HD codecs.^[247] App-specific unknown sources. Multi-display support. 2 times faster boot time compared to Nougat according to Google, testing on their Pixel devices.^[246] Apps background execution and location limits. Google Play Protect. Downloadable fonts. Integrated printing support. Color management (deep color and wide color gamut). Wi-Fi Assistant.	Android 8.0 home screen

Android 8.1 Oreo

Android 8.1 Oreo (API 27)
Android 8.1 Oreo is the sixteenth minor release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on October 25, 2017, with factory images for current Nexus and Pixel devices. A second developer preview was made available on November 27, 2017, for Nexus and Pixel devices, before the stable version was released on December 5, 2017.
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
8.1^[248]^[249]	December 5, 2017^[250]^[251]	Neural networks API. Shared memory API. WallpaperColors API. Bluetooth battery level for connected devices, accessible in Quick Settings. Android Oreo Go Edition, a lightweight distribution of Android that runs better than normal Android on devices with less than 1 GB of RAM.^[252] Autofill framework updates. Programmatic Safe Browsing actions. Navigation buttons dim when not in use. Visual changes to ‘Power Off’ and ‘Restart’, including a new screen and floating toolbar. Toast messages are now white with the same existing transparency. Automatic light and dark themes. New Easter egg in the form of an official Oreo cookie picture.^[253]	Android 8.1 home screen

Android 9 Pie

Android 9 Pie (API 28)
Android Pie is the ninth major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on March 7, 2018, and the first developer preview was released on the same day. The second preview, considered beta quality, was released on May 8, 2018. The final beta of Android Pie (fifth preview, also considered as a «Release Candidate») was released on July 25, 2018. The first official release was released on August 6, 2018.
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
9	August 6, 2018	New user interface for the quick settings menu.^[254] The clock has moved to the left of the notification bar.^[255] The «dock» now has a semi-transparent background.^[255] Battery Saver no longer shows an orange overlay on the notification and status bars.^[254] A «screenshot» button has been added to the power options.^[255] A new «Lockdown» mode which disables biometric authentication once activated. Rounded corners across the UI. New transitions for switching between apps, or activities within apps. Richer messaging notifications, where a full conversation can be seen within a notification, full-scale images, and smart replies akin to Google’s new app, Reply. Support for display cutouts. Redesigned volume slider. Battery percentage now shown in Always-On Display. Lock screen security changes include the possible return of an improved NFC Unlock. Experimental features (which are currently hidden within a menu called Feature Flags) such as a redesigned About Phone page in settings, and automatic Bluetooth enabling while driving. DNS over TLS.^[256] A new optional gesture-based system interface, allowing users to navigate the OS using swipes more often than the traditional UI. Redesigned multitask app switcher with the Google search bar and app drawer built-in. Android Dashboard, which tells the user how much time they are spending on their device and in apps, and allows the user to set time limits on apps. «Shush», an enhanced version of Do Not Disturb mode activated by placing the phone face down, which mutes standard notifications. «Adaptive Battery» prediction, which makes use of Doze to hibernate user apps the OS determines the user will not use. Auto-Brightness feature modifies screen brightness based on user habits. Wind Down option lets Android users set a specific bedtime that enables Do Not Disturb and turns the entire phone’s interface gray to discourage further use at night. Vulkan 1.1 support. Call recording options fully disabled^[257]	Android 9 home screen

Android 10

Android 10 (API 29)
Android 10 is the tenth major version of the Android operating system. The stable version of Android 10 was released on September 3, 2019.
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
10	September 3, 2019	Revamped full-screen gesture navigation with new app open/close animations.^[258]^[259]^[260] Scoped storage restrictions^[261] New permissions required to access location in background and to access photo, video and audio files.^[262] Background apps can no longer jump into the foreground.^[262] Limited access to non-resettable device identifiers.^[262] Background (idle) access to camera, microphone and sensors disabled for more privacy protection with the side effect of disabling antitheft software.^[263]^[264]^[265] Sharing shortcuts, which allow sharing content with a contact directly.^[262] Floating settings panel, that allows changing system settings directly from apps.^[262] Dynamic depth format for photos, which allow changing background blur after taking a photo.^[262] Support for the AV1 video codec, the HDR10+ video format and the Opus audio codec.^[262] Support for aptX Adaptive, LHDC, LLAC, CELT and AAC LATM codecs^[266]^[267] A native MIDI API, allowing interaction with music controllers.^[262] Better support for biometric authentication in apps.^[262] Support for the WPA3 Wi-Fi security protocol.^[262] Support for foldable phones.^[262] Support for Notification Bubbles.^[268]^[269] New system-wide dark theme/mode^[270]^[271] TLS v1.3 support added. Project Mainline, allows core OS components to be updated via the Google Play Store, without requiring a complete system update^[272]	Android 10 home screen

Android 11

Android 11 (API 30)
Android 11 is the eleventh major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on February 19, 2020, and the first developer preview released on the same day.^[273]^[274] The launch of Android 11 Beta was postponed from June 3, 2020 to June 10, 2020.^[275]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
11	September 8, 2020	Chat bubbles. Screen recorder. Notification history. New permissions controls. API distinction between standalone 5G NR and non-standalone 5G. One-time permissions.^[276] Permissions auto-reset.^[276] Wireless Android Auto on devices with 5GHz Wi-Fi.^[277] Increased number of updatable core OS components in Google Play from 12 to 21.^[276]^[278] Enterprise work profile privacy protections now apply on company-owned devices.^[279] Independent left and right edge sensitivity for gesture navigation.^[280]	Android 11 home screen

Android 11 (API 30)

Android 11 is the eleventh major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on February 19, 2020, and the first developer preview released on the same day.^[273]^[274]

The launch of Android 11 Beta was postponed from June 3, 2020 to June 10, 2020.^[275]

Version

Release date

Features

Image(s)

September 8, 2020

Chat bubbles.
Screen recorder.
Notification history.
New permissions controls.
API distinction between standalone 5G NR and non-standalone 5G.
One-time permissions.^[276]
Permissions auto-reset.^[276]
Wireless Android Auto on devices with 5GHz Wi-Fi.^[277]
Increased number of updatable core OS components in Google Play from 12 to 21.^[276]^[278]
Enterprise work profile privacy protections now apply on company-owned devices.^[279]
Independent left and right edge sensitivity for gesture navigation.^[280]

Android 11 home screen

Android 12

Android 12 (API 31)
Android 12 is the twelfth major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on February 18, 2021, and the first developer preview was released on the same day.^[281]^[282]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
12	October 4, 2021	Easier Wi-Fi sharing. AVIF image support. Material You, an updated design language based on Material Design. Scrolling Screenshot.^[283] One Handed Mode.^[284] Android Runtime (ART) module added to the updatable core OS components via Google Play, added functionality to existing modules.^[285]^[286] Area Magnification can zoom in any content on device.^[287] Extra Dim reduces brightness below minimum level.^[288] Bold Text. Greyscale. Mic and Camera indicator and toggle.^{[citation needed]} Option to choose precise or approximate location.^[289] Privacy Dashboard.^[290] Gestures can work in immersive mode.^[291] Performance improvements to system services to improve transitions, power efficiency, and reduce app startup times.^[292] Third party app stores now have the ability to update apps without constantly asking the user for permission.^[293]	Android 12 home screen with themed icons and widgets

Android 12L

Android 12L (API 32)
Android 12L^[d] is an interim release for Android 12 that includes design tweaks for larger displays and minor stability changes to the operating system. It was announced on October 2021 alongside Beta releases with a stable version launching on March 7, 2022.
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
12L	March 7, 2022	Improvements specific for foldable phones, tablets, desktop-sized screens and Chromebooks, and modifications to the user interface to tailor it to larger screens.^[294]

Android 13

Android 13 (API 33)
Android 13 is the thirteenth major version of the Android operating system.
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
13	August 16, 2022	Apps are now required to request permission from the user before they are able to send notifications.^[295] The number of active apps is now shown at the bottom of the notifications panel, a tap on it opens a detailed panel which lets the user stop each of them.^[296] Support for Bluetooth LE Audio and the LC3 audio codec.^[297]^[298]^[299] ART update with a new garbage collector (GC) utilizing the Linux userfaultfd system call.^[300]^[301]^[302] It reduces memory pressure, compiled code size, jank and prevents the risk of killing apps because of low memory during GC.^[302] Other changes also improve app startup, reduce jank and improve performance.^[302] Because of the Mainline project, Android 12 ART will also be updated.^[303]	Android 13 home screen with themed icons and widgets

Hardware requirements

The main hardware platform for Android is the 64-bit ARM architecture (i.e. ARMv8-A; previously the 32-bit ARMv7 architecture was supported and first ARMv5), with x86^[e] and MIPS^[f] architectures also officially supported in later versions of Android, but MIPS support has since been deprecated and support was removed in NDK r17.^[306]

Android 1.0 through 1.5 required a 2 megapixel camera with autofocus camera. This was relaxed to a fixed-focus camera with Android 1.6.^[307]

In 2012, Android devices with Intel processors began to appear, including phones^[308] and tablets. While gaining support for 64-bit platforms, Android was first made to run on 64-bit x86 and then on ARM64.^[309]^[310] Since Android 5.0 Lollipop, 64-bit variants of all platforms are supported in addition to the 32-bit variants.

Requirements for the minimum amount of RAM for devices running Android 7.1 depend on screen size and density and type of CPU, ranging from 816 MB–1.8 GB for 64-bit and 512 MB–1.3 GB for 32-bit meaning in practice 1 GB for the most common type of display (while minimum for Android watch is 416 MB).^[311]^[g] The recommendation for Android 4.4 is to have at least 512 MB of RAM,^[312] while for «low RAM» devices 340 MB is the required minimum amount that does not include memory dedicated to various hardware components such as the baseband processor.^[149] Android 4.4 requires a 32-bit ARMv7, MIPS or x86 architecture processor,^[313] together with an OpenGL ES 2.0 compatible graphics processing unit (GPU).^[314] Android supports OpenGL ES 1.1, 2.0, 3.0, 3.2 and since Android 7.0 Vulkan (and version 1.1 available for some devices^[315]). Some applications may explicitly require a certain version of the OpenGL ES, and suitable GPU hardware is required to run such applications.^[314] In 2021, Android was ported to RISC-V.^[316] In 2021, Qualcomm said it will support more updates.^[317]

Explanatory notes

^ 12L launched as part of the March 2022 update to supported Pixel devices. The factory images for March 2022 and subsequent updates displays the version as 12.1.^[23] However, the software information on supported devices continues to show Android version 12 with no indication of the update.
^ The 2.3.6 update had the side-effect of impairing the Wi-Fi hotspot functionality of many Canadian Nexus S phones. Google acknowledged this problem and fixed it in late September.^[80]^[81]
^ For Canadian consumers, 4.0.2 reportedly created a bug on the Galaxy Nexus that crashed the application market when users attempted to view details of any Android application. It also inadvertently reduced the NFC capabilities of the Nexus phone.^[106]^[107]
^ Released as «Android 12.1» for smartphones
^ Lowest supported x86 generation is the P6 microarchitecture, also called i686.^[304]
^ Supported is revision 1 of MIPS32^[305] and revision 6 for 64-bit MIPS64^[304]
^ Disk-based memory (hard drives), solid state disk devices such as USB drives, DVD-based storage, bit rates, bus speeds, and network speeds, are specified using decimal meanings for k (1000¹), M (1000²), G (1000³), etc.

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External links

Official Android website
Android Open Source Project website

Источник

Overview

Name	Internal codename^[10]	Version number(s)	API level	Initial stable release date	Latest security patch date^[15]	Latest Google Play Services version^[16] (release date)
Android 1.0	—	1.0	1	September 23, 2008	—	—
Android 1.1	Petit Four	1.1	2	February 9, 2009
Android Cupcake	Cupcake	1.5	3	April 27, 2009
Android Donut	Donut	1.6	4	September 15, 2009
Android Eclair	Eclair	2.0	5	October 27, 2009
2.0.1	6	December 3, 2009
2.1	7	January 11, 2010^[17]
Android Froyo	Froyo	2.2 – 2.2.3	8	May 20, 2010	3.2.25 (October 2014)
Android Gingerbread	Gingerbread	2.3 – 2.3.2	9	December 6, 2010	10.0.84 (November 2016)
2.3.3 – 2.3.7	10	February 9, 2011
Android Honeycomb	Honeycomb	3.0	11	February 22, 2011
3.1	12	May 10, 2011
3.2 – 3.2.6	13	July 15, 2011
Android Ice Cream Sandwich	Ice Cream Sandwich	4.0 – 4.0.2	14	October 18, 2011	14.8.49 (February 2019)
4.0.3 – 4.0.4	15	December 16, 2011
Android Jelly Bean	Jelly Bean	4.1 – 4.1.2	16	July 9, 2012	21.33.56 (September 2021)
4.2 – 4.2.2	17	November 13, 2012
4.3 – 4.3.1	18	July 24, 2013
Android KitKat	Key Lime Pie	4.4 – 4.4.4	19	October 31, 2013	October 2017	22.49.13 (December 2022)
4.4W – 4.4W.2	20	June 25, 2014	?
Android Lollipop	Lemon Meringue Pie	5.0 – 5.0.2	21	November 4, 2014^[18]	November 2017
5.1 – 5.1.1	22	March 2, 2015^[19]	March 2018
Android Marshmallow	Macadamia Nut Cookie	6.0 – 6.0.1	23	October 2, 2015^[20]	August 2018
Android Nougat	New York Cheesecake	7.0	24	August 22, 2016	August 2019
7.1 – 7.1.2	25	October 4, 2016	October 2019
Android Oreo	Oatmeal Cookie	8.0	26	August 21, 2017	January 2021
8.1	27	December 5, 2017	October 2021
Android Pie	Pistachio Ice Cream^[21]	9	28	August 6, 2018	January 2022
Android 10	Quince Tart^[22]	10	29	September 3, 2019	December 2022
Android 11	Red Velvet Cake^[22]	11	30	September 8, 2020
Android 12	Snow Cone	12	31	October 4, 2021
Android 12L	Snow Cone v2	12.1^[a]	32	March 7, 2022
Android 13	Tiramisu^[24]	13	33	August 15, 2022
Android 14	Upside Down Cake^[25]	14	34	Q3 2023	—	—
Legend: Old version Older version, still maintained Latest version Future release

Version history

The following tables show the release dates and key features of all Android operating system updates to date, listed chronologically by their official application programming interface (API) levels.

Android 1.0

Android 1.0 (API 1)
Android 1.0, the first commercial version of the software, was released on September 23, 2008.^[26] The first commercially available Android device was the HTC Dream.^[27] Android 1.0 incorporated the following features:
Version	Release date	Features
1.0	September 23, 2008	Android Market, allowing application downloads and updates through the Market application. Web browser to show, zoom and pan full HTML and XHTML web pages – multiple pages show as windows («cards»).^[28]^[29] Camera support – however, this version lacked the option to change the camera’s resolution, white balance, quality, etc.^[30] Folders allowing the grouping of a number of application icons into a single folder icon on the Home screen.^[31] Access to web email servers, supporting POP3, IMAP4, and SMTP.^[29] Gmail synchronization with the Gmail application. Google Contacts synchronization with the People application. Google Calendar synchronization with the Calendar application. Google Maps with Street View to view maps and satellite imagery, as well as find local businesses and obtain driving directions using GPS.^[30] Google Sync, allowing management of over-the-air synchronization of Gmail, People, and Calendar. Google Search, allowing users to search the Internet and phone applications, contacts, calendar, etc. Google Talk instant messaging. Instant messaging, text messaging, and MMS. Media Player, enabling management, importing, and playback of media files – however, this version lacked video and stereo Bluetooth support.^[29]^[30] Notifications appear in the Status bar, with options to set ringtone, LED or vibration alerts.^[28]^[29]^[32] Voice Dialer allows dialing and placing of phone calls without typing a name or number.^[29] Wallpaper allows the user to set the background image or photo behind the Home screen icons and widgets. YouTube video player.^[33] Other applications include: Alarm Clock, Calculator, Dialer (Phone), Home screen (Launcher), Pictures (Gallery), and Settings. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth support.

Android 1.1

Android 1.1 (API 2)
On February 9, 2009, the Android 1.1 update was released, initially for the HTC Dream only. Android 1.1 was known as «Petit Four» internally, though this name was not used officially.^[11]^[34] The update resolved bugs, changed the Android API and added a number of features:^[35]
Version	Release date	Features
1.1	February 9, 2009	Details and reviews available when a user searches for businesses on Maps. Longer in-call screen timeout by default when using the speakerphone, plus the ability to show/hide the dialpad. Ability to save attachments in messages. Support added for marquee in system layouts.

Android 1.5 Cupcake

Android 1.5 Cupcake (API 3)
On April 27, 2009, the Android 1.5 update was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.27.^[36]^[37] This was the first release to officially use a codename based on a dessert item («Cupcake»), a theme used for all releases until Android Pie, with Android 10 using a number-only system. The update included several new features and UI amendments:^[38]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
1.5	April 27, 2009^[36]	Support for third-party virtual keyboards with text prediction and a user dictionary for custom words. Support for Widgets – miniature application views that can be embedded in other applications (such as the Home screen) and receive periodic updates.^[39] Video recording and playback in MPEG-4 and 3GP formats. Auto-pairing and stereo support for Bluetooth (A2DP and AVRCP profiles). Copy and paste features in web browser. User pictures shown for Favorites in Contacts. Specific date/time stamp shown for events in call log, and one-touch access to a contact card from a call log event. Animated screen transitions. Auto-rotation option. New stock boot animation. Ability to upload videos to YouTube. Ability to upload photos to Picasa. Ability to check phone usage history.^[40]	Android 1.5 home screen

Android 1.6 Donut

Android 1.6 Donut (API 4)
On September 15, 2009, Android 1.6 – dubbed Donut – was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29.^[41]^[42]^[43] Included in the update were numerous new features:^[41]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
1.6	September 15, 2009^[42]	Voice and text entry search enhanced to include bookmark history, contacts, and the web. Ability for developers to include their content in search results. Multi-lingual speech synthesis engine to allow any Android application to «speak» a string of text. Easier searching and the ability to view app screenshots in Android Market. Gallery, Camera and camcorder more fully integrated, with faster camera access. Ability for users to select multiple photos for deletion. Updated technology support for CDMA/EVDO, 802.1x, VPNs, and a text-to-speech engine. Support for WVGA screen resolutions. Speed improvements in searching and camera applications. Expanded Gesture framework and a new GestureBuilder development tool.	Android 1.6 home screen

Android 2.0 Eclair

Android 2.0 Eclair (API 5)
On October 27, 2009, the Android 2.0 SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29 and codenamed Eclair.^[44] Changes include the ones listed below.^[45]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
2.0	October 27, 2009^[46]	Expanded Account sync, allowing users to add multiple accounts to a device for synchronization of an email and contacts. Microsoft Exchange email support, with a combined inbox to browse an email from multiple accounts in one page. Bluetooth 2.1 support. Ability to tap a Contacts photo and select to call, SMS, or email the person. Ability to search all saved SMS and MMS messages, with the added ability to delete the oldest messages in a conversation automatically deleted when a defined limit is reached. Numerous new camera features, including flash support, digital zoom, scene mode, white balance, color effect and macro focus. Improved typing speed on a virtual keyboard, with a smarter dictionary that learns from word usage and includes contact names as suggestions. Refreshed browser UI with bookmark thumbnails, double-tap zoom and support for HTML5. Calendar agenda view enhanced, showing attending status for each invitee, and the ability to invite new guests to events. Optimized hardware speed and revamped UI. Support for more screen sizes and resolutions, with better contrast ratio. Improved Google Maps 3.1.2. MotionEvent class enhanced to track multi-touch events.^[47] Pressure-sensitive touch support in API, even though no according hardware existed at that time.^[48]^[49] Addition of live wallpapers, allowing the animation of home-screen background images to show movement.

Android 2.0.1 Eclair

Android 2.0.1 Eclair (API 6)

Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
2.0.1	December 3, 2009^[50]	Minor API changes, bug fixes and framework behavioral changes.

Android 2.1 Eclair

Android 2.1 Eclair (API 7)

Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
2.1	January 11, 2010^[51]^[17]	Minor amendments to the API and bug fixes.	Android 2.1 home screen

Android 2.2 Froyo

Android 2.2 Froyo (API
On May 20, 2010, the SDK for Android 2.2 (Froyo, short for frozen yogurt) was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.32.^[52]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
2.2	May 20, 2010	Speed, memory, and performance optimizations.^[53] Additional application speed improvements, implemented through JIT compilation.^[54] Integration of Chrome’s V8 JavaScript engine into the Browser application. Support for the Android Cloud to Device Messaging (C2DM) service, enabling push notifications. Improved Microsoft Exchange support, including security policies, auto-discovery, GAL look-up, calendar synchronization and remote wipe.^[55] Improved application launcher with shortcuts to Phone and Browser applications. USB tethering and Wi-Fi hotspot functionality^[56] Option to disable data access over a mobile network. Updated Market application with batch and automatic update features.^[53] Quick switching between multiple keyboard languages and their dictionaries. Support for Bluetooth-enabled car and desk docks. Support for numeric and alphanumeric passwords. Support for file upload fields in the Browser application.^[57] The browser now shows all frames of animated GIFs instead of just the first frame only. Support for installing applications to expandable memory. Adobe Flash support.^[58] Support for high-PPI displays (up to 320 ppi), such as four-inch 720p screens.^[59] Gallery allows users to view picture stacks using a zoom gesture.	Android 2.2 home screen
2.2.1	September 27, 2010^[60]	Bug fixes, security updates and performance improvements.
2.2.2	January 21, 2011^[61]	Minor bug fixes, including SMS routing issues that affected the Nexus One.^[62]
2.2.3	November 21, 2011^[63]	Two security updates.

Android 2.3 Gingerbread

Android 2.3 Gingerbread (API 9)
On December 6, 2010, the Android 2.3 (Gingerbread) SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.35.^[64]^[65] Changes included:^[64]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
2.3	December 6, 2010^[65]	Updated user interface design with increased simplicity and speed. Support for extra-large screen sizes and resolutions (WXGA and higher).^[59] Native support for SIP VoIP internet telephones. Faster, more intuitive text input on a virtual keyboard, with improved accuracy, better suggested text and voice input mode. Enhanced copy/paste functionality, allowing users to select a word by press-holding, copying, and pasting. Support for Near Field Communication (NFC), allowing the user to read an NFC tag embedded in a poster, sticker, or advertisement. New audio effects such as reverb, equalization, headphone virtualization, and bass boost. New Download Manager, giving users easy access to any file downloaded from the browser, email, or another application. Support for multiple cameras on the device, including a front-facing camera, if available. Support for WebM/VP8 video playback, and AAC audio encoding. Improved power management with a more active role in managing applications that are keeping the device awake for too long. Enhanced support for native code development. Switched from YAFFS to ext4 on newer devices.^[66]^[67] Audio, graphical, and input enhancements for game developers. Concurrent garbage collection for increased performance. Native support for more sensors (such as gyroscopes and barometers). First Android version to feature an Easter egg. It was an image of the Bugdroid standing next to a zombie gingerbread man, with many more zombies in the background.	Android 2.3 home screen
2.3.1	December 22, 2010^[68]	Improvements and bug fixes for the Nexus S.
2.3.2	January 21, 2011^[69]	Improvements and bug fixes for the Nexus S.

Android 2.3.3 Gingerbread

Android 2.3.3 Gingerbread (API 10)

Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
2.3.3	February 9, 2011^[70]	Several improvements and API fixes.^[71]
2.3.4	April 28, 2011^[72]	Support for voice or video chat using Google Talk.^[73] Open Accessory Library support. Open Accessory was introduced in 3.1 (Honeycomb) but the Open Accessory Library grants 2.3.4 added support when connecting to a USB peripheral with compatible software and a compatible application on the device.^[74] Switched the default encryption for SSL from AES256-SHA to RC4-MD5.^[75]^[76] Fixed a spontaneous reboot on Samsung Galaxy S Plus.
2.3.5	July 25, 2011^[77]	Improved network performance for the Nexus S 4G, among other fixes and improvements. Fixed a Bluetooth bug on Samsung Galaxy S. Fixed a Wi-Fi crash on Samsung Galaxy S Plus. Improved the Gmail application. Shadow animations for list scrolling. Camera software enhancements.^[78] Improved battery efficiency.
2.3.6	September 2, 2011^[79]	Fixed a voice search bug.^[b]
2.3.7	September 21, 2011	Google Wallet support for the Nexus S 4G.

Android 3.0 Honeycomb

Android 3.0 Honeycomb (API 11)
On February 22, 2011, the Android 3.0 (Honeycomb) SDK – the first tablet-only Android update – was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.36.^[82]^[83]^[84]^[85] The first device featuring this version, the Motorola Xoom tablet, was released on February 24, 2011.^[86] The update’s features included:^[82]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
3.0	February 22, 2011^[84]	Optimized tablet support with a new “holographic” user interface (removed again the following year with version 4.2).^[87] New Easter egg, an image of a Tron-themed bumblebee. Added System Bar, featuring quick access to notifications, status, and soft navigation buttons, available at the bottom of the screen. Added the Action Bar, giving access to contextual options, navigation, widgets, or other types of content at the top of the screen. Simplified multitasking – tapping Recent Applications in the System Bar allows users to see snapshots of the tasks underway and quickly jump from one application to another. Redesigned the keyboard, making typing fast, efficient and accurate on larger screen sizes Simplified, more intuitive copy/paste interface. Multiple browser tabs replacing browser windows, plus form auto-fill and a new “incognito” mode allowing somewhat anonymous browsing. Quick access to camera exposure, focus, flash, zoom, front-facing camera, time-lapse, and other camera features. Ability to view albums and other collections in full-screen mode in Gallery, with easy access to thumbnails for other photos. New two-pane Contacts UI and Fast Scroll to let users easily organize and locate contacts. New two-pane Email UI to make viewing and organizing messages more efficient, allowing users to select one or more messages. Hardware acceleration. Support for multi-core processors. Ability to encrypt all user data. HTTPS stack improved with Server Name Indication (SNI). Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE; kernel module). Disallows applications from having to write access to secondary storage (memory cards on devices with internal primary storage) outside of designated, application-specific directories. Full access to primary internal storage is still allowed through a separate application-level permission.^[88]^[89]	Android 3.0 home screen

Android 3.1 Honeycomb

Android 3.1 Honeycomb (API 12)

Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
3.1	May 10, 2011^[90]	UI refinements. Connectivity for USB accessories (USB On-The-Go). Expanded Recent Applications list. Resizable Home screen widgets. Support for external keyboards and pointing devices. Support for joysticks and gamepads. Support for FLAC audio playback.^[91]^[92] High-performance Wi-Fi lock, maintaining high-performance Wi-Fi connections when the device screen is off. Support for HTTP proxy for each connected Wi-Fi access point.

Android 3.2 Honeycomb

Android 3.2 Honeycomb (API 13)

Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
3.2	July 15, 2011^[93]	Improved hardware support, including optimizations for a wider range of tablets. Increased ability of applications to access files on the SD card, e.g. for synchronization. Compatibility display mode for applications that have not been optimized for tablet screen resolutions. New display support functions, giving developers more control over display appearance on different Android devices.^[94]
3.2.1	September 20, 2011	Bug fixes and minor security, stability and Wi-Fi improvements. Update to Android Market with automatic updates and easier-to-read Terms and Conditions text. Update to Google Books. Improved Adobe Flash support in browser. Improved Chinese handwriting prediction.
3.2.2	September 30, 2011	Bug fixes and other minor improvements for the Motorola Xoom 4G.
3.2.4	December 15, 2011	Pay As You Go for 3G and 4G tablets.
3.2.6	February 15, 2012	Fixed data connectivity issues when coming out of Airplane mode on the US 4G Motorola Xoom.

Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich

Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich (API 14)
The SDK for Android 4.0.1 (Ice Cream Sandwich), based on Linux kernel 3.0.1,^[95] was publicly released on October 19, 2011.^[96] Google’s Gabe Cohen stated that Android 4.0 was «theoretically compatible» with any Android 2.3.x device in production at that time.^[97] The source code for Android 4.0 became available on November 14, 2011.^[98] Ice Cream Sandwich was the last version to officially support Adobe Systems’ Flash player.^[99] The update introduced numerous new features:^[100]^[101]^[102]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
4.0	October 18, 2011^[100]	Major refinements to the «Holo» interface with the new Roboto font family. Soft buttons from Android 3.x are now available for use on phones. Separation of widgets in a new tab, listed in a similar manner to applications. Easier-to-create folders, with a drag-and-drop style. Improved visual voicemail with the ability to speed up or slow down voicemail messages. Pinch-to-zoom functionality in the Calendar. Integrated screenshot capture (accomplished by holding down the Power and Volume-Down buttons). Improved error correction on the keyboard. Ability to access applications directly from the lock screen. Improved copy-and-paste functionality. Better voice integration and continuous, real-time speech-to-text dictation. Face Unlock, a feature that allows users to unlock handsets using facial recognition software.^[87] Automatic syncing of browser with users’ Chrome bookmarks. Data Usage section in settings that lets users set warnings when they approach a certain usage limit, and disable data use when the limit is exceeded. Ability to shut down applications from the recent apps list with a swipe.^[103] Improved camera application with zero shutter lag, time lapse settings, panorama mode, and the ability to zoom while recording. Built-in photo editor. New gallery layout, organized by location and person. Refreshed the «People» application with social network integration, status updates and hi-res images. Android Beam, a near-field communication feature allowing the rapid short-range exchange of web bookmarks, contact info, directions, YouTube videos and other data.^[87] Support for the WebP image format.^[91] Hardware acceleration of the UI.^[104] Wi-Fi Direct.^[105] 1080p video recording for stock Android devices. Android VPN Framework (AVF), and TUN (but not TAP) kernel module. Prior to 4.0, VPN software required a rooted Android device.	Android 4.0 home screen
4.0.1	October 19, 2011	Fixed minor bugs for the Samsung Galaxy Nexus.
4.0.2	November 28, 2011	Fixed minor bugs on the Verizon Galaxy Nexus, the US launch of which was later delayed until December 2011.^[c]

Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich

Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich (API 15)

Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
4.0.3	December 16, 2011^[108]	Numerous bug fixes and optimizations. Improvements to graphics, databases, spell-checking and Bluetooth functionality. New APIs for developers, including a social stream API in the Contacts provider. Calendar provider enhancements. New camera applications enhancing video stabilization and QVGA resolution. Accessibility refinements such as improved content access for screen readers.^[109]
4.0.4	March 28, 2012	Stability improvements. Better camera performance. Smoother screen rotation. Improved phone number recognition.^[110]

Android 4.1 Jelly Bean

Android 4.1 Jelly Bean (API 16)
Google announced Android 4.1 (Jelly Bean) at the Google I/O conference on June 27, 2012. Based on Linux kernel 3.0.31, Jelly Bean was an incremental update with the primary aim of improving the functionality and performance of the user interface. The performance improvement involved «Project Butter», which uses touch anticipation, triple buffering, extended vsync timing and a fixed frame rate of 60 fps to create a fluid and «buttery-smooth» UI.^[111] Android 4.1 Jelly Bean was released to the Android Open Source Project on July 9, 2012,^[112] and the Nexus 7 tablet, the first device to run Jelly Bean, was released on July 13, 2012.
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
4.1	July 9, 2012	Smoother user interface: Vsync timing across all drawing and animation done by the Android framework, including application rendering, touch events, screen composition and display refresh. Triple buffering in the graphics pipeline. CPU input boost. Synchronizing touch to vsync timing. Enhanced accessibility. Bi-directional text and other language support. User-installable keyboard maps. Expandable notifications. TLS v1.1 and v1.2 support added. Ability to turn off notifications on an application-specific basis. Shortcuts and widgets can automatically be re-arranged or re-sized to allow new items to fit on home screens. Bluetooth data transfer for Android Beam. Tablets with smaller screens now use an expanded version of the interface layout and home screen used by phones.^[113] Improved camera application. Multichannel audio.^[111] The Fraunhofer FDK AAC codec becomes standard in Android, adding AAC 5.1 channel encoding/decoding. USB audio (for external sound DACs).^[111] Audio chaining (also known as gapless playback).^[111]^[114]^[115] Ability for other launchers to add widgets from the application drawer without requiring root access.	Android 4.1 home screen
4.1.1	July 9, 2012^[116]	Fixed a bug on the Nexus 7 regarding the inability to change screen orientation in any application.
4.1.2	October 9, 2012^[117]	Lock/home screen rotation support.^[118] One-finger gestures to expand/collapse notifications.^[119] Bug fixes and performance enhancements.

Android 4.2 Jelly Bean

Android 4.2 Jelly Bean (API 17)
Google was expected to announce Jelly Bean 4.2 at an event in New York City on October 29, 2012, but the event was cancelled due to Hurricane Sandy.^[120] Instead of rescheduling the live event, Google announced the new version with a press release, under the slogan «A new flavor of Jelly Bean». Jelly Bean 4.2 was based on Linux kernel 3.4.0, and debuted on Google’s Nexus 4 and Nexus 10, which were released on November 13, 2012.^[121]^[122]
Version	Release date	Features
4.2	November 13, 2012^[123]	Lock screen improvements, including widget support (removed again in 2014)^[87] and the ability to swipe directly to the camera.^[124] Notification power controls («Quick Settings»). «Daydream» screensavers, showing information when idle or docked (later renamed to «screen saver» following the launch of the unrelated Google Daydream VR platform in 2016).^[87] Multiple user accounts (tablets only). Rewritten Bluetooth stack, switching from Bluez to Broadcom open source BlueDroid,^[125] allowing improved support for multiple displays and wireless display (Miracast). Native right-to-left, always-on VPN and application verification.^[126] A new NFC stack was added at the same time.^[125] Accessibility improvements: triple-tap to magnify the entire screen, pan and zoom with two fingers. Speech output and Gesture Mode navigation for blind users. New clock application with a built-in world clock, stop watch and timer. All devices now use the same interface layout, previously adapted from phones on 4.1 for smaller tablets (with centered software buttons, the system bar at the top of the screen, and a home screen with a dock and centered application menu), regardless of screen size. Increased number of extended notifications and Actionable Notifications for more applications, allowing users to respond to certain notifications within the notification bar and without launching the application directly. SELinux support. Premium SMS confirmation.^[127] Group Messaging support.
4.2.1	November 27, 2012^[128]^[129]	Fixed a bug in the People application where December was not displayed on the date selector when adding an event to a contact.^[130] Added Bluetooth gamepads and joysticks as supported HIDs (Human interface devices).
4.2.2	February 11, 2013^[131]	Fixed Bluetooth audio streaming bugs.^[132] Long-pressing the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth icons in Quick Settings now toggles the on/off state. New download notifications, which now show the percentage and estimated time remaining for active application downloads. New sounds for wireless charging and low battery. New Gallery application animation allows faster loading. USB debug whitelist. Bug fixes and performance enhancements.

Android 4.3 Jelly Bean

Android 4.3 Jelly Bean (API 18)
Google released Jelly Bean 4.3 under the slogan «An even sweeter Jelly Bean» on July 24, 2013, during an event in San Francisco called «Breakfast with Sundar Pichai». Most Nexus devices received the update within a week, although the second-generation Nexus 7 tablet was the first device to officially ship with it.^[133] A minor bug fix update was released on August 22, 2013.^[134]
Version	Release date	Features
4.3	July 24, 2013^[135]	Bluetooth Low Energy support.^[136] Bluetooth Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP) 1.3 support. OpenGL ES 3.0 support, allowing improved game graphics.^[136] Restricted access mode for new user profiles.^[136] Filesystem performance improvement by running the fstrim command while a device is idle.^[137] Dial pad auto-complete in the Phone application.^[136] Volume for incoming calls (ringtone) and notification alerts is no longer adjustable separately. Improvements to Photo Sphere.^[138] Reworked camera UI, previously introduced on Google Play edition phones.^[139] Addition of «App Ops», a fine-grained application permissions control system (hidden by default).^[140] SELinux enabled by default. 4K resolution support.^[141] Numerous security updates, performance enhancements, and bug fixes.^[142] System-level support for geofencing and Wi-Fi scanning APIs. Background Wi-Fi location still runs even when Wi-Fi is turned off. Developer logging and analyzing enhancements. Added support for five more languages. Changed digital rights management (DRM) APIs. Right-to-left (RTL) languages now supported.^[136] Clock in the status bar disappears if it is selected as a lockscreen widget. Native emoji support.^[143]
4.3.1	October 3, 2013^[144]	Bug fixes and small tweaks for the Nexus 7 LTE.^[145]

Android 4.4 KitKat

Android 4.4 KitKat (API 19)
Google announced Android 4.4 KitKat on September 3, 2013. Although initially under the «Key Lime Pie» («KLP») codename, the name was changed because «very few people actually know the taste of a key lime pie.»^[146] Some technology bloggers also expected the «Key Lime Pie» release to be Android 5.^[147] KitKat debuted on Google’s Nexus 5 on October 31, 2013, and was optimized to run on a greater range of devices than earlier Android versions, having 512 MB of RAM as a recommended minimum; those improvements were known as «Project Svelte» internally at Google.^[148] The required minimum amount of RAM available to Android is 340 MB, and all devices with less than 512 MB of RAM must report themselves as «low RAM» devices.^[149]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
4.4	October 31, 2013^[150]^[151]	Refreshed interface with white elements instead of blue. Clock no longer shows bold hours; all digits are thin. The H, M, and S markings for the stopwatch and timer have been removed, leaving just the numbers. Ability for applications to trigger translucency in the navigation and status bars.^[152] Ability for applications to use «immersive mode» to keep the navigation and status bars hidden while maintaining user interaction.^[153] Action overflow menu buttons are always visible, even on devices with a «Menu» key, which was officially deprecated by Android 4.0.^[154] Write access disabled for user-installed applications on external storage (i.e. MicroSD), except for their own directories inside `Android/data`.^[155]^[156] Purging of app data directories in user storage (internal user storage and MicroSD) upon uninstallation^[156] Optimizations for performance on devices with lower specifications, including zRAM support and «low RAM» device API.^[148] Wireless printing capability.^[148] NFC host card emulation, enabling a device to replace smart cards.^[148] WebViews are now based on the Chromium engine (feature parity with Chrome for Android 30). Expanded functionality for notification listener services.^[148] Public API for developing and managing text messaging clients.^[157] Storage Access Framework, an API allowing apps to retrieve files in a consistent manner. As part of the framework, a new system file picker allows users to access files from various sources (including those exposed by apps, such as online storage services).^[88] New framework for UI transitions. Sensor batching, step detector and counter APIs.^[148] Settings application now makes it possible to select default text messaging and the home (launcher) application. Audio tunneling, audio monitoring and loudness enhancer.^[158] Built-in screen recording feature (primarily for developers, as usage of ADB is required).^[159] Native infrared blaster API. Verified boot. Enforcing SELinux. Expanded accessibility APIs and system-level closed captioning settings. Android Runtime (ART) introduced as a new experimental application runtime environment, not enabled by default, as a replacement for the Dalvik virtual machine.^[160] Bluetooth Message Access Profile (MAP) support.^[161] Disabled access to battery statistics by third-party applications.^[162] Settings application no longer uses a multi-pane layout on devices with larger screens. Wi-Fi and mobile data activity (TX/RX) indicators are moved to quick settings.^[163] Disables text wrapping in the WebView browser component.^[164]	Android 4.4 home screen
4.4.1	December 5, 2013^[165]^[166]	Better application compatibility for the experimental Android Runtime (ART). Camera application now loads Google+ Photos instead of Gallery when swiping away from the camera view. Miscellaneous improvements and bug fixes.
4.4.2	December 9, 2013^[167]	Further security enhancements and bug fixes. Removal of the «App Ops» application permissions control system, introduced in Android 4.3.^[168]
4.4.3	June 2, 2014^[169]^[170]	Refreshed the Dialer app’s interface.^[171] Updated the Chromium-based WebView to version 33 (screencasting to DevTools, HTML5 Canvas hardware acceleration performance improvements, vibration API, HTML5 form validation, and an HTML5 datalist).^[172] Miscellaneous improvements and bug fixes.
4.4.4	June 19, 2014^[173]	CVE-2014-0224 fixed, eliminating an OpenSSL man-in-the-middle vulnerability.^[174]

Android 4.4W KitKat, with wearable extensions

Android 4.4W KitKat, with wearable extensions (API 20)
On June 24, 2014, a version of Android KitKat exclusive to Android Wear devices was released.
Version	Release date	Features
4.4W^[175]	June 25, 2014^[176]	Initial release of the Android Wear platform for smartwatches: the same as Android 4.4 «KitKat», but with wearable extensions added.
4.4W.1	September 6, 2014^[177]	UI updates for Google Maps navigation and alarms.
4.4W.2	October 21, 2014^[178]	Offline music playback. GPS support.

Android 5.0 Lollipop

Android 5.0 Lollipop (API 21)
Android 5.0 «Lollipop» was unveiled under the codename «Android L» on June 25, 2014, during Google I/O. It became available as an official over-the-air (OTA) update on November 12, 2014, for select devices that run distributions of Android serviced by Google, including Nexus and Google Play edition devices. Its source code was made available on November 3, 2014.^[179]^[180] Lollipop features a redesigned user interface built around a responsive design language referred to as «material design». Other changes include improvements to the notifications, which can be accessed from the lockscreen and displayed within applications as top-of-the-screen banners. Furthermore, Google made internal changes to the platform, with the Android Runtime (ART) officially replacing Dalvik for improved application performance, and with changes intended to improve and optimize battery usage, known internally as Project Volta.^[181]^[182]^[183]^[184]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
5.0^[185]	November 4, 2014^[18]	Android Runtime (ART) with ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation and improved garbage collection (GC), replacing Dalvik that combines bytecode interpretation with trace-based just-in-time (JIT) compilation.^[185]^[186] Support for 64-bit CPUs. OpenGL ES 3.1 and Android Extension Pack (AEP) on supported GPU configurations. Recent activities screen with tasks instead of applications, up to a configured maximum of tasks per application. Vector drawables, which scale without losing definition. Support for print previews. Material design, bringing a restyled user interface and “ripple effect” for buttons. Refreshed lock screen, no longer supporting widgets.^[187] Refreshed notification tray and quick settings pull-down. Project Volta, for battery life improvements. Searches can be performed within the system settings for quicker access to particular settings. Lock screen provides shortcuts to application and notification settings.^[188] Guest logins and multiple user accounts are available on more devices, such as phones.^[189] Audio input and output through USB devices. Third-party applications regain the ability to read and modify data located anywhere on external storage, such as on SD cards. However, those must be adapted to the storage access framework of Android API level 21 or higher.^[190]^[191] Pinning of an application’s screen for restricted user activity.^[188] Recently used applications are remembered even after restarting the device.^[188] WebViews receive updates independently through Google Play for security reasons, instead of relying on system-wide vendor updates.^[192] Addition of 15 new languages: Basque, Bengali, Burmese, Chinese (Hong Kong), Galician, Icelandic, Kannada, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Malayalam, Marathi, Nepali, Sinhala, Tamil and Telugu.^[193] Tap and Go allows users to quickly migrate to a new Android device, using NFC and Bluetooth to transfer Google Account details, configuration settings, user data and installed applications.^[188] A flashlight-style application is included, working on supported devices with a camera flash.^[188] User-customizable priorities for application notifications.^[194] Smart lock feature.^[195] SELinux in enforcing mode for all domains. Updated emoji.^[196] Improved accessibility support (e.g. switch access support).^[197] Block-based over-the-air (OTA) updates for new devices.^[198] Task listing access disabled for third-party applications.	Android 5.0 home screen
5.0.1	December 2, 2014^[199]	A few bug fixes, including resolving issues with video playback and password failures handling.
5.0.2	December 19, 2014^[23]	Fixes a bug with TRIM support (introduced in Version 4.3), which prevented devices from running on-charger cleanups of file system allocations if the device was turned off at midnight, or if it was charged only when in use.^[200] Changes how alarms wake the CPU, and how alarms compete for system resources.^[201]

Android 5.1 Lollipop

Android 5.1 Lollipop (API 22)

Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
5.1	March 2, 2015^[19]	Improvements and bug fixes to the Overview screen. Ability to join Wi-Fi networks and control paired Bluetooth devices from quick settings. Official support for multiple SIM cards.^[202] Device protection: if a device is lost or stolen it will remain locked until the owner signs into their Google account, even if the device is reset to factory settings. High-definition voice calls, available between compatible 4G LTE devices running Android 5.1.^[202] Improvements to the notification priority system, to more closely replicate the silent mode that was removed from Android 5.0.^[203]
5.1.1	April 20, 2015^[204]^[205]	Various bug fixes^[205] Native Wi-Fi calling support.^[206]

Android 6.0 Marshmallow

Android 6.0 Marshmallow (API 23)
Android 6.0 «Marshmallow» was unveiled under the codename «Android M» during Google I/O on May 28, 2015, for the Nexus 5 and Nexus 6 phones, Nexus 9 tablet, and Nexus Player set-top box, under the build number MPZ44Q.^[207] The third developer preview (MPA44G) was released on August 17, 2015 for the Nexus 5, Nexus 6, Nexus 9 and Nexus Player devices,^[208] and was updated to MPA44I that brought fixes related to Android for Work profiles.^[209]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
6.0	October 2, 2015^[20]^[210]	Precluded rudimentary file manager (package name: `com.android.documentsui`), accessible from storage settings.^[211] Memory card mounted to `/storage/????-????/` rather than `/storage/extSdCard/`, with a hexadecimal volume serial number in place of the wildcard the question marks.^[212] Contextual search from keywords within apps.^[213] Introduction of Doze mode, which reduces CPU speed while the screen is off in order to save battery life.^[214] App Standby feature. Alphabetically accessible vertical application drawer.^[215] Application search bar and favorites. Native fingerprint reader support. Direct Share feature for target-specific sharing between apps.^[216] Renamed «Priority» mode to «Do Not Disturb» mode. App Linking for faster instinctive opening of links with corresponding applications.^[217]^[218] Larger Application folders with multiple pages. Post-install/run-time permission requests. USB-C support. Demo Mode feature for screenshot-capture usage.^[219] Automatic full data backup and restore for apps.^[220] 4K display mode for apps.^[221] Adoptable External storage to behave like Internal Storage.^[222]^[223] MIDI support for musical instruments.^[224] Experimental multi-window feature.^[225]^[226] Support for actions by third-party apps in the text selection menu.^[87] App permissions now granted individually at run-time, not all-or-nothing at install time. Similar to App Ops.^[227] Miracast support dropped.^[87] Many new essential commands supported by Android’s Linux shell (/bin/sh). No screen rotation during touch.	Android 6.0 home screen
6.0.1	December 7, 2015^[228]	Unicode 7.0 & 8.0 emoji support.^[229] Descriptions for USB connection options. Double-press the power button to open the camera.

Android 7.0 Nougat

Android 7.0 Nougat (API 24)
Android «Nougat» (codenamed N in-development) is the seventh major release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on March 9, 2016, with factory images for supported Nexus devices, as well as with the new «Android Beta Program» which allows supported devices to be upgraded directly to the Android Nougat beta via an over-the-air update. The final release was on August 22, 2016. The final preview build was released on July 18, 2016,^[230] with the build number NPD90G.
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
7.0	August 22, 2016^[231]	Support for file-based encryption.^[232] Unicode 9.0 emoji and skin tone modifier support (and exposes a subset of ICU4J APIs).^[233] Ability to display color calibration. Ability to zoom in the screen. Ability to switch to the last opened app by double-tapping the overview button. Added an Emergency information part. Added the «Clear All» button to the Overview screen. Another system partition, which gets updated when not in use, allowing for seamless system updates. Daydream virtual reality platform (VR interface). Improved Doze functionality, which aims to prolong battery life. Improvements to the file browser. Ability to move files added to Storage Access Framework^[234] More Quick Settings options. Multi-window support, which supports floating apps on a desktop layout. New Data Saver mode, which can force apps to reduce bandwidth usage. New JIT Compiler, making for 75 percent faster app installations and a 50 percent reduction in compiled code size. Just in Time (JIT) compiler with code profiling to ART, which lets it constantly improve the performance of Android apps as they run.^[235] Picture-in-picture support for Android TV. Redesigned notification shade, featuring instant access to certain settings. Redesigned Overview screen. Replaced notification cards with notification sheets. Settings app navigation drawer. Vulkan 3D rendering API. Multiple Device Locales^[236] Discontinuation of Android Camera V1 API^[237] Restricted file system access^[238]	Android 7.0 home screen

Android 7.1 Nougat

Android 7.1 Nougat (API 25)
On October 19, 2016, Google released Android 7.1.1 as a developer preview for the Nexus 5X, Nexus 6P and the Pixel C. A second preview became available on November 22, 2016, before the final version was released to the public on December 5, 2016.
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
7.1	October 4, 2016^[239]	Rearranged notification shade. «Restart» option added to power button menu^[240] Touch/display performance improvements. Moves (Fingerprint swipe down gesture – opt-in). Opt-in with new hardware required: Seamless A/B system updates. Daydream VR mode. Developer features: Shortcut manager APIs. Circular app icons support. Keyboard image insertion. Fingerprint sensor gesture to open/close notification shade. Manual storage manager Intent for apps. Improved VR thread scheduling. Enhanced wallpaper metadata. Multi-endpoint call support. Support for various MNO requirements. PCDMA voice privacy property. Source type support for Visual Voicemail. Carrier config options for managing telephone videos. Manual storage manager – identifies files and apps using storage.	Android 7.1 home screen
7.1.1^[241]	December 1, 2016^[242]	New set of emojis adding different skin tones and haircuts to existing ones. Send GIFs directly from the default keyboard. App shortcuts: Launch actions on apps by long-pressing the app icon. Developer Options: Show CPU Usage feature removed.
7.1.2^[243]^[244]	April 2, 2017^[245]	Battery usage alerts.

Android 8.0 Oreo

Android 8.0 Oreo (API 26)
Android Oreo is the eighth major release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview, codenamed Android O, on March 21, 2017, with factory images for supported Nexus and Pixel devices. The final developer preview was released on July 24, 2017, with the stable version released in August 2017.
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
8.0^[246]	August 21, 2017	Project Treble, the biggest change to the foundations of Android to date: a modular architecture that makes it easier and faster for hardware makers to deliver Android updates. Picture-in-picture support. Support for Unicode 10.0 emoji (5.0) and replacement of all blob-shaped emojis by round ones with gradients and outlines. Redesigned Quick Settings and Settings with a white background and respectively black and Accent font colors. Restructured Settings by regrouping sections into similar entries. Adaptive icons Notification improvements. Notification channels. Notification dots (badges). Notification snoozing. Notification shade multi-colors (for music album art, messengers, etc.). System-wide Autofill framework. Support for AAC, Sony’s LDAC and Qualcomm’s aptX and aptX HD codecs.^[247] App-specific unknown sources. Multi-display support. 2 times faster boot time compared to Nougat according to Google, testing on their Pixel devices.^[246] Apps background execution and location limits. Google Play Protect. Downloadable fonts. Integrated printing support. Color management (deep color and wide color gamut). Wi-Fi Assistant.	Android 8.0 home screen

Android 8.1 Oreo

Android 8.1 Oreo (API 27)
Android 8.1 Oreo is the sixteenth minor release of the Android operating system. It was first released as a developer preview on October 25, 2017, with factory images for current Nexus and Pixel devices. A second developer preview was made available on November 27, 2017, for Nexus and Pixel devices, before the stable version was released on December 5, 2017.
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
8.1^[248]^[249]	December 5, 2017^[250]^[251]	Neural networks API. Shared memory API. WallpaperColors API. Bluetooth battery level for connected devices, accessible in Quick Settings. Android Oreo Go Edition, a lightweight distribution of Android that runs better than normal Android on devices with less than 1 GB of RAM.^[252] Autofill framework updates. Programmatic Safe Browsing actions. Navigation buttons dim when not in use. Visual changes to ‘Power Off’ and ‘Restart’, including a new screen and floating toolbar. Toast messages are now white with the same existing transparency. Automatic light and dark themes. New Easter egg in the form of an official Oreo cookie picture.^[253]	Android 8.1 home screen

Android 9 Pie

Android 9 Pie (API 28)
Android Pie is the ninth major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on March 7, 2018, and the first developer preview was released on the same day. The second preview, considered beta quality, was released on May 8, 2018. The final beta of Android Pie (fifth preview, also considered as a «Release Candidate») was released on July 25, 2018. The first official release was released on August 6, 2018.
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
9	August 6, 2018	New user interface for the quick settings menu.^[254] The clock has moved to the left of the notification bar.^[255] The «dock» now has a semi-transparent background.^[255] Battery Saver no longer shows an orange overlay on the notification and status bars.^[254] A «screenshot» button has been added to the power options.^[255] A new «Lockdown» mode which disables biometric authentication once activated. Rounded corners across the UI. New transitions for switching between apps, or activities within apps. Richer messaging notifications, where a full conversation can be seen within a notification, full-scale images, and smart replies akin to Google’s new app, Reply. Support for display cutouts. Redesigned volume slider. Battery percentage now shown in Always-On Display. Lock screen security changes include the possible return of an improved NFC Unlock. Experimental features (which are currently hidden within a menu called Feature Flags) such as a redesigned About Phone page in settings, and automatic Bluetooth enabling while driving. DNS over TLS.^[256] A new optional gesture-based system interface, allowing users to navigate the OS using swipes more often than the traditional UI. Redesigned multitask app switcher with the Google search bar and app drawer built-in. Android Dashboard, which tells the user how much time they are spending on their device and in apps, and allows the user to set time limits on apps. «Shush», an enhanced version of Do Not Disturb mode activated by placing the phone face down, which mutes standard notifications. «Adaptive Battery» prediction, which makes use of Doze to hibernate user apps the OS determines the user will not use. Auto-Brightness feature modifies screen brightness based on user habits. Wind Down option lets Android users set a specific bedtime that enables Do Not Disturb and turns the entire phone’s interface gray to discourage further use at night. Vulkan 1.1 support. Call recording options fully disabled^[257]	Android 9 home screen

Android 10

Android 10 (API 29)
Android 10 is the tenth major version of the Android operating system. The stable version of Android 10 was released on September 3, 2019.
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
10	September 3, 2019	Revamped full-screen gesture navigation with new app open/close animations.^[258]^[259]^[260] Scoped storage restrictions^[261] New permissions required to access location in background and to access photo, video and audio files.^[262] Background apps can no longer jump into the foreground.^[262] Limited access to non-resettable device identifiers.^[262] Background (idle) access to camera, microphone and sensors disabled for more privacy protection with the side effect of disabling antitheft software.^[263]^[264]^[265] Sharing shortcuts, which allow sharing content with a contact directly.^[262] Floating settings panel, that allows changing system settings directly from apps.^[262] Dynamic depth format for photos, which allow changing background blur after taking a photo.^[262] Support for the AV1 video codec, the HDR10+ video format and the Opus audio codec.^[262] Support for aptX Adaptive, LHDC, LLAC, CELT and AAC LATM codecs^[266]^[267] A native MIDI API, allowing interaction with music controllers.^[262] Better support for biometric authentication in apps.^[262] Support for the WPA3 Wi-Fi security protocol.^[262] Support for foldable phones.^[262] Support for Notification Bubbles.^[268]^[269] New system-wide dark theme/mode^[270]^[271] TLS v1.3 support added. Project Mainline, allows core OS components to be updated via the Google Play Store, without requiring a complete system update^[272]	Android 10 home screen

Android 11

Android 11 (API 30)

Android 11 is the eleventh major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on February 19, 2020, and the first developer preview released on the same day.^[273]^[274]

The launch of Android 11 Beta was postponed from June 3, 2020 to June 10, 2020.^[275]

Version

Release date

Features

Image(s)

September 8, 2020

Chat bubbles.
Screen recorder.
Notification history.
New permissions controls.
API distinction between standalone 5G NR and non-standalone 5G.
One-time permissions.^[276]
Permissions auto-reset.^[276]
Wireless Android Auto on devices with 5GHz Wi-Fi.^[277]
Increased number of updatable core OS components in Google Play from 12 to 21.^[276]^[278]
Enterprise work profile privacy protections now apply on company-owned devices.^[279]
Independent left and right edge sensitivity for gesture navigation.^[280]

Android 11 home screen

Android 12

Android 12 (API 31)
Android 12 is the twelfth major version of the Android operating system. It was first announced by Google on February 18, 2021, and the first developer preview was released on the same day.^[281]^[282]
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
12	October 4, 2021	Easier Wi-Fi sharing. AVIF image support. Material You, an updated design language based on Material Design. Scrolling Screenshot.^[283] One Handed Mode.^[284] Android Runtime (ART) module added to the updatable core OS components via Google Play, added functionality to existing modules.^[285]^[286] Area Magnification can zoom in any content on device.^[287] Extra Dim reduces brightness below minimum level.^[288] Bold Text. Greyscale. Mic and Camera indicator and toggle.^{[citation needed]} Option to choose precise or approximate location.^[289] Privacy Dashboard.^[290] Gestures can work in immersive mode.^[291] Performance improvements to system services to improve transitions, power efficiency, and reduce app startup times.^[292] Third party app stores now have the ability to update apps without constantly asking the user for permission.^[293]	Android 12 home screen with themed icons and widgets

Android 12L

Android 12L (API 32)
Android 12L^[d] is an interim release for Android 12 that includes design tweaks for larger displays and minor stability changes to the operating system. It was announced on October 2021 alongside Beta releases with a stable version launching on March 7, 2022.
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
12L	March 7, 2022	Improvements specific for foldable phones, tablets, desktop-sized screens and Chromebooks, and modifications to the user interface to tailor it to larger screens.^[294]

Android 13

Android 13 (API 33)
Android 13 is the thirteenth major version of the Android operating system.
Version	Release date	Features	Image(s)
13	August 16, 2022	Apps are now required to request permission from the user before they are able to send notifications.^[295] The number of active apps is now shown at the bottom of the notifications panel, a tap on it opens a detailed panel which lets the user stop each of them.^[296] Support for Bluetooth LE Audio and the LC3 audio codec.^[297]^[298]^[299] ART update with a new garbage collector (GC) utilizing the Linux userfaultfd system call.^[300]^[301]^[302] It reduces memory pressure, compiled code size, jank and prevents the risk of killing apps because of low memory during GC.^[302] Other changes also improve app startup, reduce jank and improve performance.^[302] Because of the Mainline project, Android 12 ART will also be updated.^[303]	Android 13 home screen with themed icons and widgets

Hardware requirements

Android 1.0 through 1.5 required a 2 megapixel camera with autofocus camera. This was relaxed to a fixed-focus camera with Android 1.6.^[307]

Explanatory notes

^ 12L launched as part of the March 2022 update to supported Pixel devices. The factory images for March 2022 and subsequent updates displays the version as 12.1.^[23] However, the software information on supported devices continues to show Android version 12 with no indication of the update.
^ The 2.3.6 update had the side-effect of impairing the Wi-Fi hotspot functionality of many Canadian Nexus S phones. Google acknowledged this problem and fixed it in late September.^[80]^[81]
^ For Canadian consumers, 4.0.2 reportedly created a bug on the Galaxy Nexus that crashed the application market when users attempted to view details of any Android application. It also inadvertently reduced the NFC capabilities of the Nexus phone.^[106]^[107]
^ Released as «Android 12.1» for smartphones
^ Lowest supported x86 generation is the P6 microarchitecture, also called i686.^[304]
^ Supported is revision 1 of MIPS32^[305] and revision 6 for 64-bit MIPS64^[304]
^ Disk-based memory (hard drives), solid state disk devices such as USB drives, DVD-based storage, bit rates, bus speeds, and network speeds, are specified using decimal meanings for k (1000¹), M (1000²), G (1000³), etc.

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External links

Official Android website
Android Open Source Project website

Источник

Разбираемся, актуален ли ваш телефон с Android смартфон. Не пора ли менять. Если пора — на что обратить внимание в первую очередь.

Android — сведения, статистика, актуальные и устаревшие версии

Содержание

1 Android — сведения, статистика, актуальные и устаревшие версии
- 1.1 Полностью поддерживаемые Android 12, 11 и 10
- 1.2 Относительно актуальны — если есть нужные приложения
- 1.3 Какие версии Android устарели
- 1.4 Какой Андроид использовать в 2022 году в телефоне
2 Какой размер экрана лучше в телефоне
3 Камера Android смартфона — селфи, панорама, предметная съемка
4 Аккумулятор и энергоэффективность
5 Будет ли телефон обновляться до нового Android
6 4G или 5G

Android на сегодня самая популярная мобильная ОС с долей рынка ~75%. Развивает данную платформу компания Google. Более 2,5 млрд активных пользователей в мире. 14 000—24 000 моделей устройств с данной системой от разных брендов. Не только телефоны, в том числе — планшеты, ТВ, носимые гаджеты и Android Auto.

Полностью поддерживаемые Android 12, 11 и 10

Свежайшая версия Android 12 вышла в октябре 2021 года. Доля приближается к 7,5%. Самая глубокая переработка интерфейса с версии Android 5.0 Lollipop (2014).

Обновлена система виджетов. Улучшены производительность, безопасность и конфиденциальность. Включены простые средства контроля пользователя за тем, как приложения используют его данные. Предусмотрен изолированный раздел ОС, который позволяет искусственному интеллекту работать на устройстве без доступа к сети и раскрытия данных.

Android 11 выпущена в сентябре 2020 года. На сегодня наиболее распространенная версия ОС. По свежим данным установлена на ~34% девайсов. Пользователь может предоставлять приложениям разрешения на доступ к местоположению, камере и микрофону не навсегда. Одноразовый — по необходимости.

В Android 10 (сентябрь 2019) появилась общесистемная темная тема. ОС ~24% девайсов с Android. Обновлена система разрешений приложениям с более глубоким контролем пользователя над данными о местоположении. Первая за долгое время ОС линейки без имени десерта.

Относительно актуальны — если есть нужные приложения

Android 9 Pie (август 2018) — 13% девайсов. Главным изменением версии стала гибридная система навигации с помощью жестов и кнопок. Появилась новая панель управления цифровым благополучием. Системы управления питанием и яркостью экрана стали более интеллектуальными.

Android 8.0 и 8.1 Oreo 2017 года принесла режим «картинка в картинке». Сейчас доля — ~10%. Плюс контроль над уведомлениями приложений.

Android 7.0 и 7.1 Nougat (2016) запомнилась режимом разделения экрана и новой системой группировки уведомлений по приложениям. Дебютировал Ассистент Google. На сегодня — 5,6%.

Android 6.0 Marshmallow 2015 года — сравнительно незначительное обновление. Положила начало традиции Google выпускать по одной основной версии мобильной ОС в год. Были детализированы разрешений приложений. Добавлена поддержка считывателей отпечатков пальцев и поддержка USB Type-C. И сейчас работает на ~3% устройств.

Android 5.0 и 5.1 Lollipop. Нынешняя доля — свыше 2,5%. Версия 5.0 вышла осенью 2014 года. Принесла стандарт Material Design, полноценное голосовое управление без помощи рук с командой «Окей, Google». Появились поддержка нескольких пользователей телефона.

Какие версии Android устарели

С Android 4.4 KitKat дизайн ОС перестал быть темным. Фон стал более светлым. Появилась первая версия «ОК, Google», но запрос на активацию работал только при включенном дисплее. И лишь на домашнем экране, либо в приложении Google. По свежим данным доля некогда популярной версии менее 1%.

Android 4.1—4.3 Jelly Bean выпускались в 2012 и 2013 годах. Познакомили пользователей с Google Now и расширенной системой голосового поиска. Появилась поддержка много пользовательского режима, но только для планшетов. Плюс виджеты на экране блокировки. Нынешняя доля — ниже 1/3 процента.

Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich была выпущена в 2011 году. Единая платформа для планшетов и смартфоном. Появилась возможность смахивать уведомления и недавние приложения.

Android 3.0–3.2 2011 года известны мало. Android 3.0 дебютировала с Motorola Xoom как версия только для планшетов. Обновления 3.1 и 3.2 оставались эксклюзивными для планшетов. Экранные кнопки использовались для основных навигационных команд. Появился «карточный» интерфейс со списком последних приложений.

Android 2.0–2.1 Eclair. В Eclair были добавлены голосовая система пошаговой навигации. Плюс ранее неслыханное — информация о пробках в реальном времени. Появились живые обои и первая для платформы функция преобразования речи в текст.

С Android 2.2 Froyo была улучшена производительность. Добавлена стандартный док в нижней части главного экрана. Появилась возможность создания заметок голосом. Android 2.3 Gingerbread сделала дизайн ОС с зеленым роботом и преобладающиеми темными тонами узнаваемым.

В Android 1.6 Donut (2009) была добавлены поддержка CDMA (как у оператора Verizon). Данная опция сыграла едва ли не решающую роль в популяризации Android.

Android 1.0—1.1. Android официально дебютировала в 2008 году. Красивого имени десерта еще не было. Простая ОС с набором ранних приложений Google — почтой Gmail, YouTube, Календарем и Картами. Приложения были интегрированы в ОС.

Какой Андроид использовать в 2022 году в телефоне

Понять, устарела ли ваша версия ОС вы можете в Google Play. Обратите внимание на минимальную версию Android, которая поддерживается нужными вам приложениями.

Часть базового и нетребовательного к ресурсам мобильного софта до сих пор поддерживают версии начиная с 4.1. Или 5.0, что на сегодня чаще. Пользователи Android 2.3.7 и ниже не могут авторизоваться в аккаунте Google.

Поддержка приложений и сервисов для старых версий может быть прекращена разработчиками ОС и приложений в любой момент.

На данный момент полноценную актуальность сохраняют Android 12, 11 и 10. Свежее — лучше. Классификация субъективна.

Не забудьте подписаться на наш Дзен

Старые телефоны менее безопасны и применяются каждым на свой страх и риск. Но порой финансовые и другие возможности не позволяют поменять смартфон.

Какой размер экрана лучше в телефоне

Экран 5,8 дюймов сегодня считается маленьким. Подходит для звонков, общения в мессенджерах или чтения веб-сайтов в интернете.

Средние (~6″, 6,1″) удобны для периодического просмотра фильмов и сериалов. Большие телефоны (6,5″, 6,7″, 6,9″ и более, что редкость) — самые комфортные для игр, фильмов, редактирования и создания контента — фотографий и видео. Но одной рукой с ними удобно работать только пользователям с крупными ладонями.

При равном разрешении пиксельная плотность изображения (PPI, пикселей на дюйм) ниже.

Обращайте внимание на толщину рамок. Узкие рамки означают, что больше места достается дисплею. Экран больше, а телефон компактнее. В устаревших моделях рамки обычно шире.

Камера Android смартфона — селфи, панорама, предметная съемка

Широкоугольный объектив нужен для групповых съемок и селфи, а также широкоформатных пейзажей. Телеобъектив необходим телеобъектив для съемки расположенных на значительном расстоянии объектов. Если есть оптический зум, при увеличении не будет размытия изображения.

В темноте камере сложнее передавать цвета и детали. Чем больше диафрагма и матрица, тем больше света успеет захватить камера. Итог — более красочные и четкие фотографии. Ночной съемке требуется больше времени, в течение которого руки пользователя могут дрожать. Необходима опция стабилизации изображении. Оптическая (OIS) лучше электронной (EIS). Первая реализована аппаратно, а вторая программно.

Для селфи и портретов желателен эффект размытия фона. Датчик глубины (или телеобъектив) оценивают глубину. Затем искусственный интеллект (ИИ) камеры обеспечивает применение эффекта. Внимание в кадре объекту съемки, а фон получается как бы «блеклым». Если чрезмерно, то выглядит неестественно.

Макросъемка — фото крупным планом. Фотографируем насекомых, капли росы на листе, распуствшийся бутон. Обычные камеры с трудом фокусируются на расположенных близко объектах. В итоге получаются размытые фотографии. Макрообъектив позволяет снимать с расстояния ~2,5 см с сохранением резкости и детализации. Полезен блогерам-кулинарам.

На мегапиксельность обращают внимание в первую очередь. Но на сегодня данный параметр почти не влияет на качество любительских фотографий. Камера с большей мегапиксельностью делает более детальные снимки. На практике четкости 12-мегапиксельной фотографии достаточно, чтобы распечатать ее в формате плаката. Если вы просматриваете фото на экране, то вряд ли заметите большую разницу между 12 и 48 пикселями. Разумеется, если камера качественная.

Аккумулятор и энергоэффективность

Если емкость батареи мала для железа и экрана телефона, придется подзаряжать в течение дня. Время автономной работы зависит и от сценария использования телефона.

Знать емкость аккумулятора в мАч мало. Обращайте внимание на время автономной работы в спецификациях, обзорах с тестами и отзывах. Отдельно — в режиме ожидания, при голосовой связи, просмотре видео, прослушивании музыки, играх и работе в сети.

Современный телефон с Android — производительный карманный компьютер с мощным процессором, большим и ярким дисплеем. Расходует много энергии.

Если модель поддерживает быструю зарядку, запас энергии можно пополнить в течение дня. Например, в обеденный перерыв.

Полезна также беспроводная зарядка. Не используем телефон — кладем на зарядный коврик.

Глубже вникать в детали повторно не станем. На днях рассмотрел в «Блоге системного администратора» как выбрать телефон с подходящими процессором, камерой, аккумулятором и встроенной памятью. Читайте подробности в отдельном материале:

Будет ли телефон обновляться до нового Android

Политика обновления зависит от производителя, линейки или ценовой категории. Чем дольше модель будет получать обновления — тем лучше. Можно дольше не менять, если в целом устраивает. Обновления обычно улучшают время автономной работы, а также добавляют в Android телефон дополнительные функции.

Обновления безопасности выходят ежемесячно и закрывают известные уязвимости в операционной системе.

4G или 5G

Почти все актуальные смартфоны поддерживают 4G. С 2020 года появились модели с 5G. Данная сеть быстрее — считанные секунды на загрузку целого сезона сериала. Стабильнее, поэтому соединение не реже прерывается в оживленных местах.

Чтобы воспользоваться преимуществами 5G, смартфона с поддержкой данной сети мало. Необходим тарифный 5G план оператора услуг связи. Если такого плана нет — на сегодня опция бесполезна. Разве что на будущее.

Главная альтернатива Android на сегодня — iPhone. Смартфоны компании Apple работают под управлением iOS. Подробно рассмотрел, на что обращать внимание при выборе айфона:

Сведения и показатели справочные на момент написания данного материала. Могут меняться, в том числе динамично и неожиданно.

У вас есть Android телефон? Напишите в комментариях какой.

Источник

Google наконец-то начала распространять релизную версию своей новой мобильной ОС — Android 11. Первыми обновление получат владельцы смартфонов Google Pixel, OnePlus, Xiaomi, OPPO и Realme.

Я установил новую итерацию ОС на Google Pixel 3a, тщательно протестировал её и теперь делюсь впечатлениями, полученными от обновления.

Нововведения

Внешний вид системы совсем не поменялся, поэтому при обновлении можно увидеть знакомый по прошлой версии интерфейс. Зато появилось много новых и интересных фишек.

Первое, что бросается в глаза, — слегка переработанное меню недавних приложений. Нижний докбар с рекомендуемыми приложениями заменили две кнопки: «Скриншот» и «Выбрать». Первая, очевидно, позволяет сделать скриншот текущего окна, а вторая даёт возможность взаимодействовать с контентом текущей программы (раньше это можно было делать только с английским системным языком) — например, копировать текст.